Brake Discs: A Technological Review From Its Analysis and Assessment

García

2021

Fluids

In the braking system, the heat dissipation generated by the friction between the disc and pad should be evacuated as quickly as possible. In this work, five common different automotive disc brakes were studied through mathematical theories of heat transfer and numerical methods using the ANSYS software. In addition, a direct comparison between experimental, theoretical, and simulation values found in the open literature was performed to propose a disc brake with an improved geometry in terms of dissipation of heat transfer. The numerical results were considered to propose two possible solutions of disc brake geometries using N-38 ventilation blades used in aeronautic engineering. An improvement in temperature dissipation was achieved by approximately 23.8% compared to the five geometries analyzed with a simple type N-38 ventilation blade. The heat dissipation in the brakes strongly depends on the geometry of the disc, the geometry of the blades, the material from which it is manufactured, the material of the pad, the weight of the vehicle, and the operating conditions, as can be verified with mathematical calculations and experiments. The results obtained demonstrate that the discs can be used effectively in extreme working conditions (80 km/h and 33°C), without affecting the safety of the occupants and the braking system.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, different factors are involved in the efficiency of the braking process, such as the amount of energy in the disc, the speed of heat dissipation, the efficiency of the disc geometry, among others. Those can be evaluated by applying mathematical concepts or numerical simulations [2,28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Study of Heat Transfer and Speed Air Flow on Performance of an Auto-Ventilated Disc Brake

García

2021

Fluids

“…During the braking process, different factors are involved in the effectiveness of the process, resulting thus the interest in knowing the influence of parameters/factors such as deceleration, kinetic energy, execution force, braking force, vehicle weight, surface in contact, the coefficient friction, coefficient of adhesion, vehicle aerodynamics, maximum braking force, road incline, distance and braking time applying mathematical or simulation concepts [2,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bibliometric analysis in brake disc: an overview

Jaramillo

2021

DYNA

In this article, the Bibliometric analysis of the study of disc brakes in automotive applications was carried out. The main objective of this work is to present a historical analysis of the behavior and evolution of the publication of publications related to the subject of disc brakes across the years; for this purpose, the R package Bibliometrix and VOSviewer were used, and the data was collected from the Scopus database using three keywords (Brakes, Disk, and analysis). The results showed that a total of 1,584 documents published mainly in English, the growth rate of this topic is 8.78% from 1964 to 2020, taking into account the first publication in this important area of the automotive industry. The analyzed articles were published by 2,971 authors from different parts of the world, with authors from China predominant, followed by India and the United States. Finally, the most representative journal on this topic is SAE Technical Articles with 241 articles, followed by Wear with 40 publications, which belong to quartile Q2 and Q1, respectively. On the other hand, current trends in publications are based on the optimization of the mechanical and chemical properties of the materials and components used in disc brakes, mainly related to geometry and performance.

“…During the braking process, different factors are involved in the effectiveness of this process, resulting in an interest in knowing the influence of parameters/factors such as deceleration, kinetic energy, execution force, braking force, vehicle weight, surface in contact, the friction coefficient, adhesion coefficient, vehicle aerodynamics, maximum braking force, road incline, distance, and braking time, mainly by applying mathematical calculations or simulation [5][6][7]. To provide a broader perspective on the behavior of the disc brakes, García-León [8] selected three classes of commonly used disc brakes to perform mathematical calculations and simulations for evaluating the behavior of each disc geometry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and Dynamic Maps of Disc Brakes under Different Operating Conditions

García

2021

Fluids

The operating conditions during the braking process in an automobile affect the tribological contact between the pad and disc brake, thus, influencing the times and distances of braking and, in a more significant way, the safety of the braking process. This mathematical work aimed to provide a general visualization of the disc brake’s mechanical, dynamic, and thermal behavior under different operating conditions through 2D maps of the power dissipated, braking time, and braking distance of a disc brake with a ventilation blade N- 38 type. However, the dissipated energy on the disc brake in terms of temperature was analyzed considering Newton’s cooling law and mathematical calculations through classical theories of the dynamic and mechanical behavior of the disc brakes. For this purpose, the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Distance Weighted Least Squares (DWLS) fitting model considered different operating conditions of the disc brake. The results demonstrate that the disc brakes can be used effectively in severe operational requirements with a speed of 100 km/h and an ambient temperature of 27 °C, without affecting the occupant’s safety or the braking system and the pad. For the different conditions evaluated, the instantaneous temperature reaches values of 182.48 and 82.94 °C, where the high value was found for a total deceleration to 100 km/h to 0, which represent a total braking distance of around 44.20 to 114.96 m depending on the inclination angle (θ). Furthermore, the energy dissipation in the disc brakes depends strongly on the disc, blades and pad geometry, the type of material, parameters, and the vehicle operating conditions, as can be verified with mathematical calculation to validate the contribution of the effectiveness of the braking process during its real operation.