“…Recently, several variants of the traditional VRPSD have been explored in the literature including the vehicle routing problem with discrete split deliveries and time windows (Matteo & Ilaria, 2011), the heterogeneous fleet vehicle routing problem with time windows and split deliveries (Patrícia & Hugo, 2013), the multi-depot split delivery vehicle routing problem (Damon, Bruce, & Edward, 2011), and the crude oil transportation with split deliveries (Nishi & Izuno, 2014). In addition, two exact branch-and-cut algorithms for the VRPSD based on two relaxed formulations that provide lower bounds to the optimum were presented by Archetti, Bianchessi, and Speranza (2014).…”