Branch retinal artery occlusion associated with congenital retinal macrovessel

Abstract

A congenital retinal macrovessel (CRM) is a large retinal vessel, usually a vein, which traverses through the central macula and has large tributaries extending on both sides of the horizontal raphe. In the majority of cases, CRM have no effect on visual acuity, although in rare cases, macular hemorrhage, foveolar cysts, serous macular detachment, and the presence of the anomalous vessel in the foveola can affect vision. We describe a case of CRM with decreased vision secondary to a branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO). To the best of our knowledge, this association has not been reported previously.

Congenital Macrovessel Associated With Cystoid Macular Edema and an Ipsilateral Intracranial Venous Malformation

“…Rarely decreased visual acuity can result from a variety of etiologies including macular hemorrhage or serous detachment, macular ischemia, branch retinal artery occlusion, or angioscotoma. 1 – 3 , 6 – 9 In our case, decreased visual acuity developed from cystoid macular edema likely complicating an occluded venous tributary branching off the macrovessel. Macular edema has previously been reported in association with a macrovessel because of microvascular alterations in the blood-retina barrier.…”

A case of congenital retinal macrovessel in an otherwise normal eye

“… 1 This phenomenon was first described by Mauthner 2 in 1869, and the condition is most often an incidental finding. CRMs are rare, 3 but they have been observed in conjunction with several other ocular pathologies including branch retinal artery occlusion, 4 cavernous hemangioma, 5 macroaneurysm, 6 retinal detachment, 7 telangiectasias, 8 vitreous hemorrhage, 9 and reduced visual acuity due to obscuration of the fovea. 10 CRMs have previously been examined using fluorescein angiography, 3 , 11 but optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) now allows for noninvasive imaging of retinal vasculature and segmentation of the superficial and deep vascular layers.…”

Multimodal imaging in a case of a congenital retinal macrovessel associated with a retinal cavernous hemangioma: a case report

“…Congenital retinal macrovessels (CRMs) are aberrant vessels, crossing the horizontal raphe in the macular region and having large tributaries, they are predominantly retinal veins [1,2] originating from the temporal arcade, but could also originate from a retinal artery in 25% of cases or may originate from both arteries and veins. When isolated, CRMs are usually benign and nonvision threatening and most often an incidental finding.…”

“…CRMs rarely occurred in conjunction with other retinal vascular pathologies including retinal cavernous hemangiomas [5], macroaneurysms [2] and telangiectasias [6]. In FA in CRMs demonstrates five common findings including [7]: 1.early filling and delayed emptying of the macrovessel 2.tortuosity of the macrovessel with passage of one of the terminal branches across the macular area 3.presence of anastomoses between the aberrant vessels and the major retinal vessels 4.microvascular capillary bed anomalies such as arteriovenous anastomoses, capillary non perfusion and dilated surrounding capillary plexus 5.dye leakage from compromised microvascular bed or blocked fluorescence from the presence of preretinal hemorrhage.…”