Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion

Hayreh, Sohan Singh

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-12781-1_26

Cited by 13 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 199 publications

(126 reference statements)

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“…8,9 Visual decline in patients with CRVO may occur from ischemic injury to the retina, macular edema, vitreous hemorrhage, retinal neovascularization, and/or neovascular glaucoma. 10 There is an associated vision-related decline in quality of life. 11 Multiple systemic and ocular conditions are associated with CRVO.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of diabetes and diabetes type on anatomic and visual outcomes following central rein vein occlusion

Santiago

Walia

Sun

et al. 2014

Eye

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of diabetes and diabetes type on anatomic and visual outcomes following central rein vein occlusion

Santiago

Walia

Sun

et al. 2014

Eye

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“…Arteriosclerosis and arteriolo-venous crossing changes of retinal branch vessels play an important role in the development of BRVO. During recent years a number of studies [19,20] have reported that at the site of occlusion in BRVO the retinal arteriole lies anterior to the occluded vein in 93%-100% of cases. The sclerotic retinal arteriole probably compresses the accompanying vein because of a common thickened, adventitial and glial sheath; however, histopathological studies [20,21] have so far failed to confirm this view.…”

Section: Branch Retinal Vein Occlusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Patients often present with a visual field defect corresponding to the sector of retina involved. Hayreh et al found that in both major and macular BRVO, acuity and visual fields improved to a variable degree in the majority of eyes without any treatment [19] . Overall, for eyes with initial VA of 20/60 or better, VA improved or remained stable in 75% (95%CI, 63%-86%) for major BRVO and 86% (95%CI, 73%-95%) for macular BRVO.…”

Section: Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical Diagnosis of Retinal Vein Occlusion

Shroff

Kothari

Bhatia

et al. 2016

International Journal of Ophthalmic Research

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occlusion (CRVO) to be between 0.1 to 0.4%. The cumulative 10-year incidence of branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) in the age group above 49 years has been estimated to be 1.2%. The 15-year cumulative incidences of branch retinal vein occlusion and central retinal vein occlusion were 1.8% and 0.5%, respectively, in a large population based study [2] . In the subsequent sections, we focus on the clinical presentation of these occlusions with their appearances during their natural history and alterations seen on investigations. CENTRAL RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSIONCentral retinal vein occlusion is commonly seen in older individuals, with the prevalence rising sharply over the age of 65 years. The incidence does not vary with sex. Common co-morbidities in individuals with CRVO include hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerotic disease, hematological disorders, vasculitis and autoimmune disorders (in younger individuals). Infective pathologies like HIV, syphilis, are found less frequently. Ocular co-morbidities include glaucoma, retrobulbar compression, optic nerve head drusen and crowded discs [3] . Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) spans a clinical spectrum from mild alteration in venous flow apparent as an impending vein occlusion to a very severe predominantly occlusive ischemic CRVO. Based on the quantum of ischemia or capillary non-perfusion in the standard ETDRS fields, the Central retinal Vein Occlusion Study (CVOS) divided this spectrum into three major categories [4] . Ischemic CRVO (ICRVO) cases had more than 10 disc areas of capillary non-perfusion on fluorescein angiography of the eye, whereas non-ischemic CRVO (NICRVO) had less than this degree of non-perfusion. Between these arbitrary categories were a group of eyes where the amount of non-perfusion could not be reliably ascertained on angiography due to blocked fluorescence from retinal hemorrhages. This category was called indeterminate type.Given that CRVO is not a static disease and may progress over time, these categories are not watertight and a large percentage (upto 80%) of indeterminate eyes turn out to be of the ICRVO type on follow up. Upto a third of patients having NICRVO at presentation convert to ICRVO patients over a three-year follow-up. Another TOPIC HIGHLIGHT Clinical Diagnosis of Retinal Vein OcclusionDaraius Shroff, Abhishek Kothari, Gagan Bhatia, Charu Gupta

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“…CRVO/HCRVO/BRVO seem to have a comparable risk profile. 2 No known effective medical/surgical treatment is available for either the prevention or the treatment of retinal vein occlusion (RVO). Grid laser photocoagulation has shown to marginally improve the visual outcome when compared with controls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%