Branched zinc oxide nanorods arrays modified paper electrode for electrochemical immunosensing by combining biocatalytic precipitation reaction and competitive immunoassay mode

Paper-based point of care diagnostics for cancer biomarkers

“…110 A hybrid rGO-modified paper electrode coated with branched zinc nanorods (BZR) instead of AuNRs alone can also be used for enhanced immunosensing of α-fetoprotein (a tumor biomarker) due to increased sites for antibody loading, along with the synergistic use of porous zinc oxide spheres-AuNPs (PZS@Au) nanocomposites as signal labels. 103,172 A similar strategy including SiO 2 nanoparticles, chitosan, and graphene was also integrated into a paper-based microfluidic device for the multiplex detection of four kinds of cancer biomarkers such as CEA, AFP, CA125, and CA153. To remove the complexity due to the presence of labels, a novel label-free microfluidic-based electrochemical (EC) immunosensor was developed for the detection of CEA by coating the working paper electrode with antibody-linked carbon-organic-inorganic (graphene-thionine-AuNPs) hybrid nanocomposites.…”

Literature Review of the Use of Zinc and Zinc Compounds in Paper-Based Microfluidic Devices

“…Kong et al [37] constructed a paper-based device utilizing zinc oxide nanoflowers for the sensitive detection of the biomolecules, L-glutamic acid and L-cysteine. Sun et al [38] constructed an ultrasensitive electrochemical immunosensor using branched zinc oxide nanorods and porous zinc oxide spheres with gold nanoparticle composite for the detection of α-fetoprotein which is a tumor marker used in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Sun et al [39] used tetra-carboxyl naphthalocyanine zinc sensitized zinc oxide nanorods as photoactive materials in a paper-based photoelectrochemical immunosensor to detect the carcinoembryonic antigen.…”

Recent Advances in Electrochemical Immunosensors

“…To pursue a high throughput analysis and an ultrasensitive multiplexed electrochemical measurement, many endeavors have been performed to fabricate array architectures for the realization of detection goals in a POC and a real time manner. , An EI array that is integrated with nanomaterials is a promising platform for a fast, accurate, and multiplexed analysis in many research fields. , Chiriacò et al produced a lab-on-chip platform for multianalysis based on EIs. The immunochip contained four separate microfluidic sensing areas that were decorated with gold interdigitated microelectrodes.…”