Branchial cysts, sinuses and fistulae

Maran, A. G. D.; Buchanan, Donald

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2273.1978.tb00670.x

Cited by 102 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Synchronously with the formation of the nasofrontal prominence, there is formation of 6 mesodermal arches that are separated from each other externally by ectodermally lined branchial clefts (grooves) and internally by endodermally lined pharyngeal pouches (Fig 2). 8 Although development of pharyngeal arches, clefts, and pouches resembles formation of gills in fish and amphibia, in the human embryo, real gills (branchia) are never formed. The term pharyngeal has been alternatively offered for use in the human embryo; however, "branchial" continues to be the more commonplace term and thus is used in this article.…”

Section: Embryology Of the First And Second Bas And Associated Structmentioning

confidence: 99%

Syndromes of the First and Second Branchial Arches, Part 1: Embryology and Characteristic Defects

Johnson¹,

Moonis²,

Green³

et al. 2010

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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SUMMARY:A variety of congenital syndromes affecting the face occur due to defects involving the first and second BAs. Radiographic evaluation of craniofacial deformities is necessary to define aberrant anatomy, plan surgical procedures, and evaluate the effects of craniofacial growth and surgical reconstructions. High-resolution CT has proved vital in determining the nature and extent of these syndromes. The radiologic evaluation of syndromes of the first and second BAs should begin first by studying a series of isolated defects: CL with or without CP, micrognathia, and EAC atresia, which compose the major features of these syndromes and allow more specific diagnosis. After discussion of these defects and the associated embryology, we proceed to discuss the VCFS, PRS, ACS, TCS, Stickler syndrome, and HFM.ABBREVIATIONS: ACS ϭ auriculocondylar syndrome; BA ϭ branchial arch; CL ϭ cleft lip; CL/P ϭ cleft lip/palate; CP ϭ cleft palate; EAC ϭ external auditory canal; HFM ϭ hemifacial microsomia; MDCT ϭ multidetector CT; PRS ϭ Pierre Robin sequence; TCS ϭ Treacher Collins syndrome; VCFS ϭ velocardiofacial syndrome R adiographic evaluation of craniofacial deformities is necessary to define aberrant anatomy, plan surgical procedures, and evaluate the effects of craniofacial growth and surgical reconstructions.1 The recent rapid proliferation of MDCT is due, in part, to the increased utility of this technique for multiplanar bone and soft-tissue imaging. The definition of fine bony structure of the craniofacial anatomy on CT images is unmatched by other modalities. There has also been increased demand for treatment planning along with the advances in high-resolution CT evaluation and 3D reconstruction techniques.Knowledge of the genetic basis of human disease and its effect on embryologic development has expanded greatly in recent years. Disorders of the first and second BA are generally thought to result from a combination of inadequate migration and inadequate formation of facial mesenchyma. Because many structures of the head and neck migrate during fetal development, an understanding of embryologic development helps determine the origin and nature of congenital lesions. Familiarity with craniofacial embryology and its associated effects on resultant anatomy also leads to a better understanding of the pathophysiologic basis of craniofacial syndromes. Additionally, it helps to establish a search pattern for characteristic radiologic features of many of these anomalies.Part 1 of this review establishes the embryology, developmental anatomy, clinical symptoms, and characteristic imaging features of the isolated defects that compose some of the major features of the syndromes of the first and second BAs. Part 2 of this review discusses the syndromes and their radiographic features: PRS, HFM, ACS, TCS, Stickler syndrome, and VCFS. When applicable, the disorders number of the public data base of bibliographic information about human genes and genetic disorders-the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih....

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Section: Embryology Of the First And Second Bas And Associated Structmentioning

confidence: 99%

Syndromes of the First and Second Branchial Arches, Part 1: Embryology and Characteristic Defects

Johnson¹,

Moonis²,

Green³

et al. 2010

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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“…Some investigators speculate that branchial cleft cysts are the origin of multiple branchial cleft-like cysts, based on their histopathological similarities [4,5]. Branchial cleft cysts, which are characterized by swelling in the upper third of the lateral neck anterior to the ster-nocleidomastoid muscle [4], have also been reported to be located at unusual sites, such as oral cavity, parotid gland, and pancreas [6][7][8] .…”

Section: Multiplementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Branchial cleft cysts, which are characterized by swelling in the upper third of the lateral neck anterior to the ster-nocleidomastoid muscle [4], have also been reported to be located at unusual sites, such as oral cavity, parotid gland, and pancreas [6][7][8] . The histogenesis of branchial cleft cysts is unclear, but is generally assumed to be a developmental abnormality originating from branchial cleft remnants.…”

Section: Multiplementioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Branchial Cleft-Like Cysts in a Female Patient with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis.

et al. 2000

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Abstract.We report a case of branchial cleft-like cysts (intrathyroidal lymphoepithelial cysts) associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis.Palpation did not detect any nodules. Multiple cystic lesions were detected in the lateral side of the thyroid bilateral lobes by imagings of an I-123 scintigram, T1-201 scintigram, sonography, and computerized tomography.Sonography displayed multiple cysts with strong echogenic spots in the cystic fluid. Repeated fine needle aspiration biopsies of the cysts consistently revealed only normal lymphocytes.Although these lesions could not be given diagnosis, subtotal thyroidectomy leaving the intact isthmus was performed.Microscopic findings revealed multiple branchial cleft-like cysts lined by flattened epithelial cells. Surrounding the epithelial lining were dense lymphoid follicles with large, reactive germinal centers. The remaining thyroid parenchyma showed Hashimoto's thyroiditis.Multiple branchial cleft-like cysts should be considered when sonographic examination reveals multiple cysts in the lateral side of the bilateral lobes, and fine needle aspiration biopsy displays only normal lymphocytes.To our knowledge, this is the first case of branchial cleft-like cysts associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis reported in Japan.

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“…Most are present in the submandibular space but they can occur anywhere along the course of the 2 nd branchial arch tract which extends from the skin overlying the supraclavicular fossa, between the internal and external carotid arteries, to enter the pharynx at the level of the tonsillar fossa. 8 Third branchial cleft cysts are extremely rare. 9 Most cases of third branchial cleft cysts are diagnosed in childhood and show a marked preference for the left side.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A case of third branchial cleft cyst

et al. 2018

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Branchial cyst or congenital cystic lesions of neck originate from branchial clefts, the 2nd branchial cleft cyst being the most common and 3rd and 4th being missed. Hence, they are often misdiagnosed as lymph nodal masses, cold abscess. We are reporting a case of 3rd Branchial cleft cyst, of a 12-year-old boy who presented with left sided recurrent painful cystic mass at the level of hyoid bone going down to the level of pyriform fossa. All the tests for tuberculosis were negative. USG neck revealed loculated thick walled cyst from SCM to lateral part of pharynx. CECT revealed a thick-walled cyst extending from the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid going down obliquely below the level of thyrohyoid membrane to pyriform fossa. Exploration revealed a thick walled infected cyst, pushing left upper pole of thyroid medially and anterior to left sided superior laryngeal nerve. The cyst was going downwards medially below the level of thyrohyoid membrane. The cyst was excised completely. Histopathology revealed the findings of squamous epithelial lining of cyst wall and cholesterol crystals within. Detailed anatomy on CECT, surgery and histopathology confirmed 3rd arch Branchial cyst.

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Branchial cysts, sinuses and fistulae

Cited by 102 publications

References 10 publications

Syndromes of the First and Second Branchial Arches, Part 1: Embryology and Characteristic Defects

Syndromes of the First and Second Branchial Arches, Part 1: Embryology and Characteristic Defects

Multiple Branchial Cleft-Like Cysts in a Female Patient with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis.

A case of third branchial cleft cyst

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