In the Standard Model of particle physics, the strength of the couplings of the b quark to the u and c quarks, |V ub | and |V cb |, are governed by the coupling of the quarks to the Higgs boson. Using data from the LHCb experiment at the Large Hadron Collider, the probability for the Λ 0 b baryon to decay into the pµ − ν µ final state relative to the Λ + c µ − ν µ final state is measured. Combined with theoretical calculations of the strong interaction and a previously measured value of |V cb |, the first |V ub | measurement to use a baryonic decay is performed. This measurement is consistent with previous determinations of |V ub | using B meson decays to specific final states and confirms the existing incompatibility with those using an inclusive sample of final states.I n the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics, the decay of one quark to another by the emission of a virtual W boson is described by the 3 × 3 unitary Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix 1,2 . This matrix arises from the coupling of the quarks to the Higgs boson. Although the SM does not predict the values of the four free parameters of the CKM matrix, the measurements of these parameters in different processes should be consistent with each other. If they are not, it is a sign of physics beyond the SM. In global fits combining all available measurements 3,4 , the sensitivity of the overall consistency check is limited by the precision in the measurements of the magnitude and phase of the matrix element V ub , which describes the transition of a b quark to a u quark.The magnitude of V ub can be measured via the semileptonic quark-level transition b → u − ν . Semileptonic decays are used to minimize the uncertainties arising from the interaction of the strong force, described by quantum chromodynamics (QCD), between the final-state quarks. For the measurement of the magnitude of V ub , as opposed to measurements of the phase, all decays of the b quark, and the equivalent b quark, can be considered together. There are two complementary methods to perform the measurement. From an experimental point of view, the simplest is to measure the branching fraction (probability to decay to a given final state) of a specific (exclusive) decay. An example is the decay of a B 0 (bd) meson to the final state π + − ν, where the influence of the strong interaction on the decay, encompassed by a B 0 → π + form factor, is predicted by non-perturbative techniques such as lattice QCD (LQCD; ref. baryons are not produced at an e + e − B-factory; however, at the LHC, they constitute around 20% of the b-hadrons produced 19 . These measurements together with recent LQCD calculations 20 allow for the determination of |V ub | 2 /|V cb | 2 according towhere B denotes the branching fraction and R FF is a ratio of the relevant form factors, calculated using LQCD. This is then converted into a measurement of |V ub | using the existing measurements of |V cb | obtained from exclusive decays. The normalization to the Λ 0 b → Λ + c µ − ν µ decay cancels many experimental unce...