Branching Networks Can Have Opposing Influences on Genetic Variation in Riverine Metapopulations

Chiu, Ming‐Chih; Li, Bin; Nukazawa, Kei; Resh, Vincent H.; Carvajal, Thaddeus M.; Watanabe, Kozo

doi:10.1101/550194

Cited by 3 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…On the basis of our previous research (Chiu et al 2019), we developed a mechanistic, metapopulation genetic-model based on isolation by in-stream and overland distances and type of dispersal modes among local populations within a metapopulation. For dispersal within the stream or overland, there is a low level of gene flow because spatial separation is higher either in terms of distance along the watercourse or/ and the least-cost overland path.…”

Section: Development Of Metapopulation Genetic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Boundary edges enclose and form landscape networks that shape evolutionary processes (McRae 2006. The integrated genetic effects of a species' dispersal mode and landscape connectivity on a metapopulation (a group of subpopulations with dispersal interactions) have been recognized in habitat networks (Chaput-Bardy et al 2009, Thomaz et al 2016, Chiu et al 2019. However, the importance of boundary shape on landscape genetics has rarely been studied, even when landscape shape delimiting spatial boundaries is closely linked to the spatial arrangement of habitats within a network.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Watersheds can serve as a model system for testing the relationship between landscape shape and branching fractals (Bergstrom et al 2016, Sassolas-Serrayet et al 2018, which may cause different or even opposite influences on genetic variation with different dispersal modes (Thomaz et al 2016, Chiu et al 2019. When compared with circular watersheds, elongated watersheds have a lower bifurcation ratio (a ratio of the number of streams of one order to streams of the next order) in river networks (Sukristiyanti et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In these networks, distal locations have fewer linkages among the ecological corridors than at the confluences. This results in stronger isolation and increased genetic divergence at the distal locations than at the confluences when viewed at the metapopulation scale (Chiu et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, species with more effective dispersal modes, such as aquatic insects with flying adults (Petersen et al 2004, Winterbourn et al 2007, can be less subject to the genetic divergence in distal habitats. For example, decreased effects on the genetic divergence can occur when there is either upstream-biased or low-level downstream-biased gene flow from their shared source population (Chiu et al 2019). In addition, the overland dispersal of these species across tributaries or catchments can effect genetic divergence (Chaput-Bardy et al 2009), and further decrease genetic isolation between or among populations in distal habitat branches by direct genetic connections, such as damselflies that are able to disperse along and between watercourses (Chaput- Bardy et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simulation modeling reveals the evolutionary role of landscape shape and species dispersal on genetic variation within a metapopulation

et al. 2020

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Different shapes of landscape boundaries can affect the habitat networks within them and consequently the spatial genetic‐patterns of a metapopulation. In this study, we used a mechanistic framework to evaluate the effects of landscape shape, through watershed elongation, on genetic divergence among populations at the metapopulation scale. Empirical genetic data from four, sympatric stream‐macroinvertebrates having aerial adults were collected from streams in Japan to determine the roles of species‐specific dispersal strategies on metapopulation genetics. Simulation results indicated that watershed elongation allows the formation of river networks with fewer branches and larger topographic constraints. This results in decreased interpopulation connectivity but a lower level of spatial isolation of distal populations (e.g. those found in headwaters) occurring in the landscapes examined. Distal populations had higher genetic divergence when their downstream‐biased dispersal (relative to upstream‐ and/or overland‐biased dispersal) was high. This underscores the importance of distal populations influencing genetic divergence at the metapopulation scale for species having downstream‐biased dispersal. In turn, lower genetic divergence was observed under watershed elongation when the genetic isolation of distal populations was decreased in such species. This strong association between landscape shape and evolutionary processes highlights the importance of natural, spatial architecture in assessing the effectiveness of conservation and management strategies.

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Section: Development Of Metapopulation Genetic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simulation modeling reveals the evolutionary role of landscape shape and species dispersal on genetic variation within a metapopulation

et al. 2020

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Gene flow in a pioneer plant metapopulation (Myricaria germanica) at the catchment scale in a fragmented alpine river system

Fink

Hoppler-Wiedmer

Zengerer

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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River alterations for natural hazard mitigation and land reclamation result in habitat decline and fragmentation for riparian plant species. Extreme events such as floods are responsible for additional local species loss or population decline. Tributaries might provide refugia and subsequent source populations for the colonization of downstream sites in connected riverine networks with metapopulations of plant species. In this study, we analyzed the metapopulation structure of the endangered riparian shrub species Myricaria germanica along the river Isel, Austria, which is part of the Natura 2000 network, and its tributaries. The use of 22 microsatellite markers allowed us to assess the role of tributaries and single populations as well as gene flow up- and downstream. The analysis of 1307 individuals from 45 sites shows the influence of tributaries to the genetic diversity at Isel and no overall isolation by distance pattern. Ongoing bidirectional gene flow is revealed by the detection of first-generation migrants in populations of all tributaries as well as the river Isel, supporting upstream dispersal by wind (seeds) or animals (seeds and pollen). However, some populations display significant population declines and high inbreeding, and recent migration rates are non-significant or low. The genetic pattern at the mouth of river Schwarzach into Isel and shortly thereafter river Kalserbach supports the finding that geographically close populations remain connected and that tributaries can form important refugia for M. germanica in the dynamic riverine network. Conservation and mitigation measures should therefore focus on providing sufficient habitat along tributaries of various size allowing pioneer plants to cope with extreme events in the main channel, especially as they are expected to be more frequent under changing climate.

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Quantifying isolation-by-resistance and connectivity in dendritic ecological networks

Chafin

Mussmann

Douglas

2021

Preprint

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Statistical methods that quantify individual movements have limited applicability within dendritic ecological networks (DENs), to include riverscapes. We promote an approach herein by deriving an analytical framework (=DISTNET and RESISTNET) that more appropriately quantifies differentiation by meshing individual DEN segments with fitted distances and annotated environmental features. We first explored the spatial arrangement of diversity in a river network by fitting pairwise distances against graph edges. We then derived effective resistance models (e.g., as a composite of an array of possible environmental covariates) by using a genetic algorithm for heuristic model selection, invoking circuit theory (CIRCUITSCAPE) to form a graph-based complement to RESISTANCEGA (a landscape ecology package). Although numerous pairwise distance metrics can be employed, we utilized genetic distances encompassing 13,218 ddRAD loci from N=762 Speckled Dace (Cyprinidae: Rhinichthys osculus) sampled at 78 Colorado River localities (u=9.77/site). When distances for each locus were fitted into the network, we found intraspecific divergences due to stream reaches were greater than expected when distances alone. In fitting model-averaged effective resistance models to the same network, we showed the manner by which a host of anthropogenic and environmental variables contribute to patterns of connectivity underlying riverscape genetic differentiation. Our framework represents a contemporary approach to deriving metapopulation/ metacommunity structure within DENs, in that it allows: (a) The extension of projections into unsampled temporal/spatial components; (b) Comparisons to be made among species and/or drainages, both of which benefit multi-species management; and (c) the quantification of locus-specific patterns, from which adaptive hypotheses could then be derived.

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Branching Networks Can Have Opposing Influences on Genetic Variation in Riverine Metapopulations

Cited by 3 publications

References 41 publications

Simulation modeling reveals the evolutionary role of landscape shape and species dispersal on genetic variation within a metapopulation

Simulation modeling reveals the evolutionary role of landscape shape and species dispersal on genetic variation within a metapopulation

Gene flow in a pioneer plant metapopulation (Myricaria germanica) at the catchment scale in a fragmented alpine river system

Quantifying isolation-by-resistance and connectivity in dendritic ecological networks

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