“…Gaining customer loyalty is key to achieving repeated purchases which have a ripple effect on sale revenue, market penetration, and profitability (Bahri-Ammari, Haykel, & Chtioui, 2016;Taghipourian & Bakhsh, 2016). While studies have suggested firm-level competencies like innovation (Anning-Dorson, 2018), Customer relationship management (Itai & Onamusi, 2020), new product development (Akroush & Awwad, 2018), and marketing capabilities (Mu, Bao, Sekhon, Qi, & Love, 2018) as a way to address customer loyalty, this study proposed brand attachment mechanism as an approach to achieving long-lasting customer loyalty.…”