Branhamella catarrhalis as a Lower Respiratory Tract Pathogen in Patients With Chronic Lung Disease

Nicotra, Brooke; Rivera, Marisa; Luman, J I; Wallace, Richard J.

doi:10.1001/archinte.1986.00360170090015

Cited by 123 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Most elderly patients who experience pneumonia as a result of M. catarrhalis infection have underlying cardiopulmonary diseases, including COPD, bronchiectasis, congestive heart failure or predisposition to aspiration. Other predisposing conditions associated with M. catarrhalis infection include corticosteroid therapy, diabetes mellitus and malignancies [22,23,[25][26][27][28]. Factors contributing to the high incidence of respiratory infections in this age group include immunosuppression and enhanced adherence of M. catarrhalis to epithelial cells in elderly patients [29,30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary thin-section CT findings in acuteMoraxella catarrhalispulmonary infection

Okada¹,

Ando²,

Nakayama³

et al. 2011

BJR

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Objective: Moraxella catarrhalis is an important pathogen in the exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical and pulmonary thin-section CT findings in patients with acute M. catarrhalis pulmonary infection. Methods: Thin-section CT scans obtained between January 2004 and March 2009 from 292 patients with acute M. catarrhalis pulmonary infection were retrospectively evaluated. Clinical and pulmonary CT findings in the patients were assessed. Patients with concurrent infection including Streptococcus pneumoniae (n572), Haemophilus influenzae (n561) or multiple pathogens were excluded from this study. Results: The study group comprised 109 patients (66 male, 43 female; age range 28-102 years; mean age 74.9 years). Among the 109 patients, 34 had community-acquired and 75 had nosocomial infections. Underlying diseases included pulmonary emphysema (n574), cardiovascular disease (n544) or malignant disease (n541). Abnormal findings were seen on CT scans in all patients and included ground-glass opacity (n599), bronchial wall thickening (n585) and centrilobular nodules (n579). These abnormalities were predominantly seen in the peripheral lung parenchyma (n599). Pleural effusion was found in eight patients. No patients had mediastinal and/or hilar lymph node enlargement. Conclusions: M. catarrhalis pulmonary infection was observed in elderly patients, often in combination with pulmonary emphysema. CT manifestations of infection were mainly ground-glass opacity, bronchial wall thickening and centilobular nodules. Moraxella catarrhalis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, oxidase-positive diplococcus that was first described in 1896 [1]. The pathogen, also known as Micrococcus catarrhalis, Neisseria catarrhalis and Brahamella catarrhalis, is a clinically important pathogen and is a common cause of respiratory infections, particularly otitis media in children and lower respiratory tract infection in elderly patients [2][3][4][5]. M. catarrhalis is considered to be the third most common and most important cause of bronchopulmonary infections after Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae [6,7]. In the Alexander project in Europe and the US between 1992 and 1993, M. catarrhalis was identified in 13.5% of bacterial isolates [8].M. catarrhalis has also gained attention as a nosocomial respiratory pathogen and as a community-acquired pathogen. On the basis of epidemiological evidence, the spread of M. catarrhalis was suggested to occur within the hospital environment [9,10]. McLeod et al [11] reported that 43 of 81 patients (53%) with M. catarrhalis infection were infected in a hospital and that the infection was associated with the proximity of the patient to other patients. Most nosocomial infections with M. catarrhalis involve the respiratory tract and outbreaks have been reported in respiratory units and paediatric intensive care units [10,12].M. catarrhalis infection has received increasing attention because it is an important factor in the acute exacerbation of...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary thin-section CT findings in acuteMoraxella catarrhalispulmonary infection

Okada¹,

Ando²,

Nakayama³

et al. 2011

BJR

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“…Five principal lines of evidence implicate B. catarrhalis in this setting (126). (i) By using strict criteria to evaluate the quality of sputum samples, a subset of patients with exacerbations of COPD have sputum smears which show a predominance of gram-negative diplococci on Gram strain and virtually pure cultures of B. catarrhalis (32,119,128,158,179). (ii) Pure cultures of B. catarrhalis have been obtained in transtracheal aspirates from patients experiencing exacerbations of COPD and pneumonia (7,47,80,130,184).…”

Section: Lower Respiratory Tract Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A Gram-stained sputum sample which shows a predominance of gram-negative diplococci is highly predictive for the presence of B. catarrhalis (80,128,170,175,185). Indeed, this is the single most useful diagnostic test in establishing B. catarrhalis lower respiratory tract infection.…”

Section: Lower Respiratory Tract Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower respiratory tract infection

Sharland¹

2016

OSH Manual of Childhood Infections

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“…In recent studies, it is the third most common bacterial pathogen isolated from the middle ear fluid of children with otitis media (2, 7). There has been a steady increase in the rate of isolation of M. catarrhalis from the sputum of adults with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (9,15,18,19).The basic characteristics of the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of M. catarrhalis have been well described. The major OMPs of M. catarrhalis are 98 to 20 kDa in size and have been named A to H (3, 16).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis

1994

JJPP

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Outer membrane protein (OMP) CopB, an iron-repressible 81-kDa major OMP of Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis has been a major focus of investigation. To assess CopB as a potential vaccine antigen, we elucidated the degree of antigenic and sequence heterogeneity in this protein among strains of M. catarrhalis. Two monoclonal antibodies, 1F5 and 2.9F, which bind to surface-exposed epitopes on CopB recognized 60 and 70% of the strains, respectively. The degree of sequence heterogeneity in CopB was assessed by cloning and sequencing the CopB gene from two different strains of M. catarrhalis and comparing with the published sequence. There was 92 to 96% homology between the sequences at the nucleotide level and 90 to 95% homology at the amino acid level. The variability in the protein sequence is confined mainly to three moderately variable regions. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the CopB genes obtained from 20 diverse strains by PCR was performed. Ninety percent of the potential restriction sites in the constant regions and 47% of the potential restriction sites in the variable regions were present in the 20 strains, indicating that the pattern of variable and constant areas in the CopB gene is a general pattern among strains of M. catarrhalis. We conclude that the CopB gene is largely conserved among strains of M. catarrhalis and contains discrete regions which show moderate heterogeneity among strains.Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis has emerged as an important human pathogen over the last two decades. In recent studies, it is the third most common bacterial pathogen isolated from the middle ear fluid of children with otitis media (2, 7). There has been a steady increase in the rate of isolation of M. catarrhalis from the sputum of adults with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (9,15,18,19).The basic characteristics of the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of M. catarrhalis have been well described. The major OMPs of M. catarrhalis are 98 to 20 kDa in size and have been named A to H (3, 16). In addition, a high-molecular-weight OMP of 300 to 700 kDa has been identified (12,14).CopB, an 81-kDa major OMP, has been a major focus of investigation (1,10,11). This protein is identical to OMP B2 (16, 21). The gene encoding this OMP has been cloned and sequenced from one strain (10). Though its precise function is not known, CopB is iron repressible and is involved in iron uptake by M. catarrhalis from lactoferrin and transferrin (1, 5).Several lines of evidence suggest that CopB is a potential vaccine antigen. In a murine model, a monoclonal antibody directed towards this OMP enhances clearance of M. catarrhalis from the lung (10). An isogenic mutant which does not express CopB has diminished ability to survive in the same murine pulmonary clearance model (11). This isogenic mutant also has diminished serum resistance to normal human sera in comparison to the wild type strain (11). To further assess CopB as a potential vaccine antigen, it will be important to know ...

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Branhamella catarrhalis as a Lower Respiratory Tract Pathogen in Patients With Chronic Lung Disease

Cited by 123 publications

References 19 publications

Pulmonary thin-section CT findings in acuteMoraxella catarrhalispulmonary infection

Pulmonary thin-section CT findings in acuteMoraxella catarrhalispulmonary infection

Lower respiratory tract infection

Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis

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