Brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthetic gene lhdd10 controls late heading and plant height in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Abstract

A Brd2 allele suppresses heading date by altering the expression of heading date regulators such as OsMADS50 , and also negatively regulates chlorophyll biosynthesis. Heading date and plant height are important determinants of yield in rice (Oryza sativa L.). In this study, we characterized a late heading, dwarf mutant known as lhdd10 selected following ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS)-treatment of ssp. indica cultivar 93-11. lhdd10 showed late heading, dwarfness and slightly darker-green leaves than wild-type 93-11 under long-day and short-day conditions. We isolated lhdd10 by map-based cloning; it encoded a putative FAD-linked oxidoreductase protein (a brassinosteroid biosynthetic gene) that localized to the nucleus. LHDD10 was constitutively expressed in various tissues, but more so in shoot apices and panicles. Our data showed that lhdd10 influences heading date by controlling the expression of heading date regulators, such as OsMADS50 in both LD and SD conditions. lhdd10 also negatively regulated expression of chlorophyll biosynthetic genes to reduce the chlorophyll content. Our data indicated that BRs play important roles in regulating heading date and chlorophyll biosynthesis. This work provides material that will allow study of how BRs regulate heading date in rice.

Soybean plant height QTL mapping and meta‐analysis for mining candidate genes

“…There are 4259 genes screened out and annotated by KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (http://www.genome.jp/kegg/), and there were 104 pathways having been annotated in total. The brassinosteroid regulation is a main pathway related to plant height as described previously (Clouse & Sasse, ; Liu et al., ; Nomura et al., ; Wang et al., ). The ko number of brassinosteroid regulation is ko00905, which is a subset of Ko04075, and Ko04075 is plant hormone signal transduction having a significant relationship with plant growth and development, especially on stem growth, as already mentioned.…”

“…A number of plant height genes have been identified in different crops; for instance, ph1 , lhdd10 and dwarf1 were detected in rice (Deng et al., ; Kovi et al., ; Liu et al., ); ZmGA3ox2 and a favourable allele for dwarfing on chromosome 5 (SNP PZE‐105115518) were detected in maize (Teng et al., ; Weng et al., ); cd1, Dt1 and GmBRI1 have been identified in soybean (Wang, Sun, Wu, Han, & Wang, ; Zhang, Zhang, Han, Zhang, & Yu, ; Zhang et al., ). Brassinosteroids are a group of plant steroid hormones that regulate plant growth and development; the pathways of brassinosteroids that have been identified in some research showed the significant relationship with plant height (Clouse & Sasse, ; Liu et al., ; Nomura et al., ; Wang et al., ). With the genome of soybean being sequenced, having access to the physical map will accelerate fine mapping and cloning (Schmutz et al., ).…”

QTL mapping of soybean node numbers on the main stem and meta-analysis for mining candidate genes

“…Glyma.11G087300 and Glyma.20G014300 were annotated as auxin efflux carrier family proteins, with pin1b (polar-localised auxin efflux protein) mutants having increased stem elongation in Brachypodium [42]. Glyma.13G052900 was annotated as brassinosteroid-6-oxidase 2; brassinosteroids are plant steroid hormones that promote stem elongation in a variety of plants such as soybean and rice [43,44]. These observations showed an indirect relationship with the NNMS.…”

The Role of Dwarfing Traits in Historical and Modern Agriculture with a Focus on Rice

“…These mutations intervene at multiple points in the synthetic pathway. For example, brd2 (Hong et al 2005) and lhdd10 (Liu et al 2016) are mutations in a gene orthologous to Arabidopsis DIMINUTO/DWARF1 (AtDIM/ DWF1) (Klahre et al 1998) that encodes a FAD-linked oxidoreductase that catalyzes the conversion of 24-methylene cholesterol to campesterol upstream of the committed BR pathway. Resultant plants are dark green semidwarfs with erect leaves and reduced fertility.…”