Brave new world: Leveraging artificial intelligence for advancing healthcare epidemiology, infection prevention, and antimicrobial stewardship

Marra, Alexandre R.; Nori, Priya; Langford, Bradley J; Kobayashi, Takaaki; Bearman, Gonzalo

doi:10.1017/ice.2023.122

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…To provide a more conclusive evaluation, future research should employ a rigorous validation process to avoid bias and include broad patient populations. The implementation of emerging AI techniques holds the potential to revolutionise surveillance in the near future, provided challenges such as data privacy and AI biases can be overcome [ 36 ]. The capability of AI to mine extensive information from unstructured clinical data, especially concerning symptomatology and radiology, could significantly enhance the performance of automated surveillance systems..…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated surveillance of non-ventilator-associated hospital-acquired pneumonia (nvHAP): a systematic literature review

Wolfensberger,

Scherrer,

Sax

2024

Antimicrob Resist Infect Control

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Background Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and its specific subset, non-ventilator hospital-acquired pneumonia (nvHAP) are significant contributors to patient morbidity and mortality. Automated surveillance systems for these healthcare-associated infections have emerged as a potentially beneficial replacement for manual surveillance. This systematic review aims to synthesise the existing literature on the characteristics and performance of automated nvHAP and HAP surveillance systems. Methods We conducted a systematic search of publications describing automated surveillance of nvHAP and HAP. Our inclusion criteria covered articles that described fully and semi-automated systems without limitations on patient demographics or healthcare settings. We detailed the algorithms in each study and reported the performance characteristics of automated systems that were validated against specific reference methods. Two published metrics were employed to assess the quality of the included studies. Results Our review identified 12 eligible studies that collectively describe 24 distinct candidate definitions, 23 for fully automated systems and one for a semi-automated system. These systems were employed exclusively in high-income countries and the majority were published after 2018. The algorithms commonly included radiology, leukocyte counts, temperature, antibiotic administration, and microbiology results. Validated surveillance systems' performance varied, with sensitivities for fully automated systems ranging from 40 to 99%, specificities from 58 and 98%, and positive predictive values from 8 to 71%. Validation was often carried out on small, pre-selected patient populations. Conclusions Recent years have seen a steep increase in publications on automated surveillance systems for nvHAP and HAP, which increase efficiency and reduce manual workload. However, the performance of fully automated surveillance remains moderate when compared to manual surveillance. The considerable heterogeneity in candidate surveillance definitions and reference standards, as well as validation on small or pre-selected samples, limits the generalisability of the findings. Further research, involving larger and broader patient populations is required to better understand the performance and applicability of automated nvHAP surveillance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated surveillance of non-ventilator-associated hospital-acquired pneumonia (nvHAP): a systematic literature review

Wolfensberger,

Scherrer,

Sax

2024

Antimicrob Resist Infect Control

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“…The framework also entails the use of diagnostics, 16 , 17 the importance of communication with patients, 18 and the employment of novel, artificial intelligence-based approaches (see appendix, page ). 19 , 20 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The best ways to treat patients/AMS should be presented through case-based learning with development of a step-by-step plan, as we have experienced during the elective course “Stewards for future” at the Saarland University. 19 Teaching at the patient’s bedside in small groups is another helpful way to consolidate knowledge. In addition, easy-to-use and quickly accessible materials, such as a pocket-sized handbook or a smartphone application containing the most relevant diseases and therapies including the dosages and length of the therapy, should be provided.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The framework also entails the use diagnostics, 16,17 the importance of communication with patients, 18 and the employment of novel, artificial intelligence-based approaches (see appendix, page 4). 19,20 Along the lines of this framework, the following teaching formats could be leveraged to maximize the learning experience of students: The core problem and why antibiotics are different would best be presented in a lecture or a flipped classroom format. Study materials should be included.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial stewardship in medical education in Germany: a brief survey and a students’ and educator’s call for change

Scholz,

Krüger,

Betzold

et al. 2023

ASHE

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“…AI and machine learning can deeply mine and analyze a large amount of clinical data and antibacterial drug information, accurately predict the occurrence of antibiotic resistance, and provide doctors with more scientific and reasonable medication recommendations. This not only helps to improve the efficiency of antibiotic use but also reduces drug abuse and misuse, thereby reducing the development of drug resistance and resisting the proliferation of superbugs (Marra et al, 2023).…”

Section: Artificial Intelligence Combating Superbugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global governance is necessary to coexist with superbugs

Yuting

2024

HSET

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Antibiotics have become the main drug for humans to combat bacteria since their discovery.However,because of the abuse of antibiotics and the increase in bacterial resistance, a variety of superbugs have emerged, and refractory infections have become more and more common. The spread of AMR has become an international public health crisis. This article reviews the research progress on the emergence and current status of superbugs, as well as the important role of antibiotic resistance in global health. Emphasize the need for global governance mechanisms to mitigate the emergence and spread of MRSA, VRE, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in response to borderless threats such as superbugs and antibiotic resistance.

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Brave new world: Leveraging artificial intelligence for advancing healthcare epidemiology, infection prevention, and antimicrobial stewardship

Cited by 6 publications

References 23 publications

Automated surveillance of non-ventilator-associated hospital-acquired pneumonia (nvHAP): a systematic literature review

Automated surveillance of non-ventilator-associated hospital-acquired pneumonia (nvHAP): a systematic literature review

Antimicrobial stewardship in medical education in Germany: a brief survey and a students’ and educator’s call for change

Global governance is necessary to coexist with superbugs

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