Brave New Worlds: The Expanding Universe of Lyme Disease

Stone, Brandee L.; Tourand, Yvonne; Brissette, Catherine A.

doi:10.1089/vbz.2017.2127

Cited by 107 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 146 publications

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“…Given the incidence of this parasite in the human population and the neurologic consequences of latent infection [68,69], it is important to identify if ticks play a role in the distribution of T. gondii. Among the questions to be answered by future research are which species of ticks are most likely to be viable transmitters, including the study of Ixodes scapularis (Blacklegged or Deer tick)another tick with a rapidly expanding habitat within the US [70]. Early studies indicate a short lifespan of T. gondii within the tick.…”

Section: Expert Opinionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tick transmission of toxoplasmosis

Ben-Harari¹

2019

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy

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Introduction: Infection with Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) causes the disease toxoplasmosis in humans and animals. Oral transmission alone may not explain the widespread distribution of this parasite over large species of host animals and geographic areas. Areas covered: Limited studies indicate the potential role of ticks in the distribution of T. gondii. The possibility of transmission of T. gondii has been demonstrated in Dermacentor variabilis, Dermacentor andersoni, Amblyomma americanum, Dermacentor reticulatus, Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes amblyomma, Amblyomma cajennense, Ornithodorus moubata and Haemaphysalis longicornis. Tick transmission of T. gondii, spread of ticks and pathogens by migratory birds and presence in the United States (US) of tick vectors of human and animal disease like Haemaphysalis longicornis indigenous to other parts of the world provide a possible mechanism for the widespread distribution of T. gondii, and a potentially expanding disease threat. Expert opinion: The evidence indicates that T. gondii is potentially an unrecognized tick-borne pathogen spreading toxoplasmosis, and that clinicians might consider toxoplasmosis in the differential diagnosis of tickborne diseases.

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Section: Expert Opinionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tick transmission of toxoplasmosis

Ben-Harari¹

2019

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy

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“…A pesar de haber sido descrita en Norteamérica, la borreliosis es endémica en muchos países de Europa y Asia (1,10) . También ha sido descrita en África del Norte (1,11) , Oceanía (12), y Sudamérica (13) .…”

Section: La Enfermedad De Lyme: Un Problema Globalunclassified

“…Las especies del género Borrelia asociadas con la enfermedad de Lyme están agrupadas en un complejo de genoespecies llamadas B.b.s.l., que incluye a la Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (B.b.s.s) (14,15) . Existe cierta especificidad entre Borrelia y garrapata (16)(17)(18) , de modo que las diferentes especies de Borrelia utilizan diferentes vectores para su transmisión en distintas áreas geográficas (1,11) . Más aún, diferentes especies de Borrelia están asociadas con diferentes presentaciones clínicas de la enfermedad (19) .…”

Section: Borrelia Y Vectoresunclassified

Enfermedad de Lyme en el Perú. Una revisión clínica y epidemiológica

Cervantes

2018

Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica

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This is a critical and organized review of all the available and updated information on Lyme disease and Borrelia infection in Peru. Several studies of positive serology to Borrelia burgdorferi and several cases of Lyme disease have been reported in Peru in the last two decades. New information suggests that new species of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato do exist in South America, and possibly in Peru. Future genetic and microbiology studies in this part of the continent, not only in cases with an indeterminate Western blot but in vectors and possible reservoirs as well, are necessary to measure the extent and clinical implications of these new Borrelia species.

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“…About 300,000 new cases are diagnosed in the United States annually (3,4). Tick-borne infections are on the rise in the USA and Europe due to a host of different factors including climate change (5,6) and disruption of predator density in suburban areas (7). Recent studies on tick prevalence and pathogen load have identified new geographical areas where vector ticks are present (8), as well as novel tick-borne pathogens present in areas where they had not previously been identified (such as B. miyamotoi in Northern California) (9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Natural and Botanical Medicines for Activity Against Growing and Non-growing Forms of B. burgdorferi

Feng

Leone

Schweig³

et al. 2020

Front. Med.

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Lyme disease is the most common vector-borne disease in the US and Europe. Although the current recommended Lyme antibiotic treatment is effective for the majority of Lyme disease patients, about 10-20% of patients continue to suffer from persisting symptoms. There have been various anecdotal reports on the use of herbal extracts for treating patients with persisting symptoms with varying degree of improvements. However, it is unclear whether the effect of the herb products is due to their direct antimicrobial activity or their effect on host immune system. In the present study, we investigated the antimicrobial effects of 12 commonly used botanical medicines and three other natural antimicrobial agents for potential anti-Borrelia burgdorferi activity in vitro. Among them, 7 natural product extracts at 1% were found to have good activity against the stationary phase B. burgdorferi culture compared to the control antibiotics doxycycline and cefuroxime. These active botanicals include Cryptolepis sanguinolenta, Juglans nigra (Black walnut), Polygonum cuspidatum (Japanese knotweed), Artemisia annua (Sweet wormwood), Uncaria tomentosa (Cat's claw), Cistus incanus, and Scutellaria baicalensis (Chinese skullcap). In contrast, Stevia rebaudiana, Andrographis paniculata, Grapefruit seed extract, colloidal silver, monolaurin, and antimicrobial peptide LL37 had little or no activity against stationary phase B. burgdorferi. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of Artemisia annua, Juglans nigra, and Uncaria tomentosa were quite high for growing B. burgdorferi, despite their strong activity against the non-growing stationary phase B. burgdorferi. On the other hand, the top two active herbs, Cryptolepis sanguinolenta and Polygonum cuspidatum, showed strong activity against both growing B. burgdorferi (MIC = 0.03-0.06% and 0.25-0.5%, respectively) and non-growing stationary phase B. burgdorferi. In subculture studies, only 1% Cryptolepis sanguinolenta extract caused complete eradication, while doxycycline and cefuroxime and other active herbs could not eradicate B. burgdorferi stationary phase cells as many spirochetes were visible after 21-day subculture. Further studies are needed to identify the active constituents of the effective botanicals and evaluate their combinations for more effective eradication of B. burgdorferi in vitro and in vivo. The implications of these findings for improving treatment of persistent Lyme disease are discussed.

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Brave New Worlds: The Expanding Universe of Lyme Disease

Cited by 107 publications

References 146 publications

Tick transmission of toxoplasmosis

Tick transmission of toxoplasmosis

Enfermedad de Lyme en el Perú. Una revisión clínica y epidemiológica

Evaluation of Natural and Botanical Medicines for Activity Against Growing and Non-growing Forms of B. burgdorferi

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