Brazil’s quest for autonomy in Asia: the role of strategic partnerships with China and Japan

Abstract

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The South Atlantic in China’s Global Policy: Why It Matters?

“…As of the early years of 2000s, Brazil and China have played a significant role in international trade, economy and finance, domains within which they have attempted to redefine global governance. In their condition of emerging powers, they have promoted South-South cooperation at several international fora, notably the BRICS, G20, BASIC and the also the United Nations, stressing the role of multilateralism and multipolarity (Amorim & Ferreira-Pereira, 2021). According to Trinkunas, they have stood together by criticizing "the degree to which the United States ignored the rules of the rules-based liberal order it purportedly championed" (2020, p.5).…”

“…At the same time, although Brazil has not formally joined the BRI, it has established and consolidated a strategic partnership with China. As of 2019, under Donald Trump's Administration, the 'US first' policy underpinning Jair Bolsonaro's presidential diplomacy has not been without consequences for Sino-Brazilian relations, in general (Amorim & Ferreira-Pereira, 2021). This chapter's analysis spans largely from 2014, when the PLA Navy made its first exercises into South Atlantic waters, until the outbreak of the Coronavirus crisis in March 2020, after which the major focus of Chinese authorities shifted largely to the management of the pandemics, at domestic and foreign policy levels.…”

Brazil-China Cooperation in the Arctic Region: A Prospective Analysis of a Practical Agenda for Mutual, Local and Community Interests

“…Brazil-China Arctic cooperation has been explored in academia, but the issue is scattered in works focusing on the BRICS framework (Casella et al 2021;Kuang and Ou 2018;Lagutina and Leksyutina 2019;Mammadli and Kalfaoglu 2021). While BRICS is an important platform to promote this cooperation, existing literature does not address Brazil-China Arctic cooperation outside it, as did previous studies in other fields (Abdenur 2019;Amorim and Ferreira-Pereira 2021;Becard 2011;Morosini and Badin 2022).…”

“…A partnership is a strategic relationship in which the partners cooperate to achieve common goals based on equal status and common interests (Amorim and Ferreira-Pereira 2021) China has been Brazil's largest trading partner for 13 consecutive years (Ministério de Relações Exteriores do Brasil 2022) -in 2021, trade volume was US$141.521 billion (United Nations 2022), of which Brazil's exports to China amounted to US$87.908 billion (31.30% of total exports), and imports from China amounted to US$53.465 billion (22.78% of total imports). Establishing a strategic partnership does bring the partners into a closer arrangement that surpasses the mere mutual satisfaction of economic interests.…”