Brazilian Amazon indigenous territories under deforestation pressure

Silva, Celso; Silva, Fabrício B; Arisi, Barbara M.; Mataveli, Guilherme Augusto Verola; Pessôa, Ana Carolina Moreira; Carvalho, Nathália S.; Reis, João Bosco Coura dos; Júnior, Admo R Silva; Motta, Nathalia; Silva, Paulo Vinícius Moreira E; Ribeiro, Francarlos Diniz; Siqueira-Gay, Juliana; Alencar, Ane; Saatchi, Sassan; Aragão, Luiz E. O. C.; Anderson, Liana O.; Melo, Maycon Henrique Franzoi de

doi:10.1038/s41598-023-32746-7

Cited by 26 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Critically, areas of natural vegetation were also affected by fire in 2020, with 11% of the total BA occurring in forest areas, mostly located within protected areas. This result reinforces that, although these territories are considered effective barriers to protect forests [112], the pressures exerted not only by deforestation [113,114] but also by fire activity are growing [115,116].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Regional-Scale Assessment of Burn Scar Mapping in Southwestern Amazonia Using Burned Area Products and CBERS/WFI Data Cubes

Ferro,

Mataveli,

Arcanjo

et al. 2024

Fire

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Fires are one of the main sources of disturbance in fire-sensitive ecosystems such as the Amazon. Any attempt to characterize their impacts and establish actions aimed at combating these events presupposes the correct identification of the affected areas. However, accurate mapping of burned areas in humid tropical forest regions remains a challenging task. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of four operational BA products (MCD64A1, Fire_cci, GABAM and MapBiomas Fogo) on a regional scale in the southwestern Amazon and propose a new approach to BA mapping using fraction images extracted from data cubes of the Brazilian orbital sensors CBERS-4/WFI and CBERS-4A/WFI. The methodology for detecting burned areas consisted of applying the Linear Spectral Mixture Model to the images from the CBERS-4/WFI and CBERS-4A/WFI data cubes to generate shadow fraction images, which were then segmented and classified using the ISOSEG non-supervised algorithm. Regression and similarity analyses based on regular grid cells were carried out to compare the BA mappings. The results showed large discrepancies between the mappings in terms of total area burned, land use and land cover affected (forest and non-forest) and spatial location of the burned area. The global products MCD64A1, GABAM and Fire_cci tended to underestimate the area burned in the region, with Fire_cci underestimating BA by 88%, while the regional product MapBiomas Fogo was the closest to the reference, underestimating by only 7%. The burned area estimated by the method proposed in this work (337.5 km2) was 12% higher than the reference and showed a small difference in relation to the MapBiomas Fogo product (18% more BA). These differences can be explained by the different datasets and methods used to detect burned areas. The adoption of global products in regional studies can be critical in underestimating the total area burned in sensitive regions. Our study highlights the need to develop approaches aimed at improving the accuracy of current global products, and the development of regional burned area products may be more suitable for this purpose. Our proposed approach based on WFI data cubes has shown high potential for generating more accurate regional burned area maps, which can refine BA estimates in the Amazon.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Regional-Scale Assessment of Burn Scar Mapping in Southwestern Amazonia Using Burned Area Products and CBERS/WFI Data Cubes

Ferro,

Mataveli,

Arcanjo

et al. 2024

Fire

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“…The wide variation in rates of tree cover loss in IPL across countries is at least to some extent a reflection of the diversity of Indigenous Peoples' sociocultural realities vis à vis rapidly expanding deforestation frontiers (Buchadas et al, 2023;Carneiro da Cunha & de Almeida, 2000). Although Indigenous communities are proactively combatting forest loss in many IPL through their millennia-old stewardship systems and cultural practices (e.g., Mistry et al, 2016), in other contexts IPL are increasingly vulnerable to illegal deforestation (e.g., Silva-Junior et al, 2023). Moreover, there is well-documented evidence that IPL are an increasing target for extractive and industrial development (Owen et al, 2023;Scheidel et al, 2023).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notwithstanding deficiencies in PA management, conserving forest on IPL outside PAs is potentially much more difficult. A lack of state protection can mean that KBAs on IPL outside PAs can more readily be targeted by people destroying forests than those in areas formally allocated to conservation (e.g., dos Santos et al, 2022;Siqueira-Gay & Sánchez, 2021;Siqueira-Gay et al, 2020;Urzedo & Chatterjee, 2021). In such cases, Indigenous Peoples are often at the forefront of resistance and the last line of defense against environmental degradation (Armstrong & Brown, 2019;Spice, 2018), despite their being subject to higher levels of arrest, violence, and even death than other environmental defenders (Beattie et al, 2023;Scheidel et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rates of tree cover loss in key biodiversity areas on Indigenous Peoples’ lands

Simkins,

Donald,

Beresford

et al. 2024

Conservation Biology

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Indigenous Peoples’ lands (IPL) cover at least 38 million km2 (28.1%) of the global terrestrial surface. These lands can be important for biodiversity conservation. Around 20.7% of IPL intersect areas protected by government (PAs). Many sites of importance for biodiversity within IPL could make a substantial but hitherto unquantified contribution to Global site‐based conservation targets. Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) represent the largest global network of systematically identified sites of high importance for biodiversity. We assessed the effectiveness of IPL in slowing biodiversity loss, both within and outside PAs, by quantifying tree cover loss in KBAs at international and national levels and comparing it with losses at equivalent sites outside mapped IPL. Based on a matched sample of 1‐km2 cells in KBAs inside and outside of mapped IPL, tree cover loss in KBAs outside of PAs was lower inside IPLs when compared to outside mapped IPLs. By contrast, tree cover loss in KBAs inside of PAs was lower outside mapped IPLs than inside IPLs (although the difference was far smaller). However, national rates of tree cover loss in KBAs varied greatly in relation to their IPL and PA status. In half of the 44 countries we examined individually, there was no significant difference in the rate of tree cover loss in KBAs inside and outside mapped IPL. The reasons for this inter country variation could help understand the importance of IPL in meeting the CBD's ambition of conserving 30% of land by 2030. Critical to this will be coordinated action by governments to strengthen and enforce Indigenous Peoples' rights, secure their collective systems of tenure and governance, and recognize their aspirations for their lands and futures.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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“…The rise in malaria cases within indigenous population villages can be attributed to the increase in Amazonian deforestation observed in recent years [ 27 ]. Deforestation in the Amazon basin has been linked to the surge in malaria cases in Brazil [ 28 , 29 ], and the country has also witnessed a rise in gold mining activities, which has been associated to increases in malaria incidence [ 30 , 31 ]. Given that many gold mining areas are situated within indigenous territories [ 11 ], it is plausible that deforestation is facilitating the migration of disease-carrying vectors from the forest to indigenous population villages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Brazil reaching malaria elimination? A time series analysis of malaria cases from 2011 to 2023

Garcia,

Soremekun,

Abrahão

et al. 2024

PLOS Glob Public Health

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In Brazil, 99% of malaria cases occur in the Amazon region, mainly caused by Plasmodium vivax (~83%) and Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) species. Aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals, Brazil aims to eliminate autochthonous malaria by 2035. This study aims to analyse epidemiological patterns of malaria in Brazil to discuss if Brazil is on track to meet malaria control targets. A time-series study was conducted analysing autochthonous malaria new infections notifications in the Brazilian Amazon region from 2011 until June 2023. Descriptive analyses were conducted, along with joinpoint regression and forecast models to verify trend and future behaviour. A total of 2,067,030 malaria cases were reported in the period. Trend analysis indicated a decreasing trend in all malaria infections since late 2017 (monthly reduction = 0.81%, p-value <0.05), while Pf infections have increased progressively since 2015 (monthly increase = 0.46%, p-value <0.05). Forecast models predict over 124,000 malaria cases in 2023 and over 96,000 cases in 2024. Predictions for Pf infections are around 23,900 cases in 2023 and 22,300 in 2024. Cases in indigenous population villages are predicted to reach 48,000 cases in 2023 and over 51,000 in 2024. In gold mining areas it is expected over 21,000 cases in 2023 and over 20.000 in 2024. Malaria elimination in Brazil has advanced over the last decade, but its speed has slowed. The country exhibits noteworthy advancements in the reduction of overall malaria cases. It is imperative, however, to proactively target specific issues such as the incidence raise among indigenous populations and in gold mining areas. Pf infections remain a persistent challenge to control in the country and may require novel measures for containment. Current government supporting actions towards combating illegal goldmining activities and protecting indigenous populations may help malaria control indicators for the following years.

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Brazilian Amazon indigenous territories under deforestation pressure

Cited by 26 publications

References 55 publications

Regional-Scale Assessment of Burn Scar Mapping in Southwestern Amazonia Using Burned Area Products and CBERS/WFI Data Cubes

Regional-Scale Assessment of Burn Scar Mapping in Southwestern Amazonia Using Burned Area Products and CBERS/WFI Data Cubes

Rates of tree cover loss in key biodiversity areas on Indigenous Peoples’ lands

Is Brazil reaching malaria elimination? A time series analysis of malaria cases from 2011 to 2023

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