Brazilian National Food and Nutritional Security System: what are the similarities in the decentralization process?

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the multiple characteristics of the decentralization of the Brazilian National Food and Nutritional Security System (SISAN) in a period before the institutional dismantling. Data from the 26 Brazilian states were collected in two public information systems, referring to the years 2017/2018. An exploratory and descriptive study was performed using a hierarchical cluster analysis, based on an analysis model with multiple characteristics of the system decentralization. The results indicated the formation of three clusters, showing the similarity among states with greater intersectoral and participatory character, better relationship with municipalities, and allocation of resources. On the other hand, states with less intersectoral and participatory character, linked to the low allocation of resources, execution of food security actions, and municipal support were clustered. These clusters composed mainly of North and Northeastern states, with a lower Gross Domestic Product, average Human Development Index, and a higher occurrence of food insecurity, expressed characteristics that may be related to greater obstacles in the system decentralization process. This information can help in the decision-making about the SISAN in a more equitable manner, supporting the actors involved in its maintenance and defense, at a time when the country presents an austere political and economic situation, marked by the progressive worsening of food insecurity.

Findings of evaluative research on the Brazilian Food and Nutritional Security System: A scoping review from 2006 to 2022

“…The decentralization of public policies in Brazil since the 1990s is considered an appropriate measure as it has helped overcome barriers in implementing local policies. However, decentralization has its limits when the political, administrative, social, cultural, and ecological characteristics of different regions in Brazil are not taken into account [17,28].…”

“…Martins et al [28], in grouping Brazilian states into clusters of similarity regarding different aspects of decentralized SISAN governance, identified that states with a higher intersectoral and participatory character in SISAN governance were the same ones with better relationships with their municipalities and better resource allocation. Conversely, states with a lower intersectoral and participatory character were associated with low resource allocation and implementation of food security actions, as well as weak support for SISAN decentralization at the municipal level.…”