Brazilian Pediatric Reference Data for Quantitative Ultrasound of Phalanges According to Gender, Age, Height and Weight

Abstract

AimsTo establish normative data for phalangeal quantitative ultrasound (QUS) measures in Brazilian students.MethodsThe sample was composed of 6870 students (3688 females and 3182 males), aged 6 to 17 years. The bone status parameter, Amplitude Dependent Speed of Sound (AD-SoS) was assessed by QUS of the phalanges using DBM Sonic BP (IGEA, Carpi, Italy) equipment. Skin color was obtained by self-evaluation. The LMS method was used to derive smoothed percentiles reference charts for AD-SoS according to sex, age, height and weight and to generate the L, M, and S parameters.ResultsGirls showed higher AD-SoS values than boys in the age groups 7–16 (p<0.001). There were no differences on AD-SoS Z-scores according to skin color. In both sexes, the obese group showed lower values of AD-SoS Z-scores compared with subjects classified as thin or normal weight. Age (r2 = 0.48) and height (r2 = 0.35) were independent predictors of AD-SoS in females and males, respectively.ConclusionAD-SoS values in Brazilian children and adolescents were influenced by sex, age and weight status, but not by skin color. Our normative data could be used for monitoring AD-SoS in children or adolescents aged 6–17 years.

Ultrasound Assessment of Bone Mass in Central Africans Population

“…It was superimposable to those of other populations in the world (Aspray et al, 1996;Joly et al, 1999;Hartl et al, 2002;Krieg et al, 2003;Vanderjagt et al, 2001;Gonç alves et al, 2015) and influenced in the same order by the anthropo-biometric elements and the hormonal (menopausal) status. These result are similar to those of bone mass measured by radiogrammetry, bone mineral content and mineral density measured by DXA on other sites and several populations (WHO Study Group, 1994;Aspray et al, 1996;Gonç alves et al, 2015;Barkmann et al, 2002;Baroncelli et al, 2009;Dequeker et al, 1982).…”

“…Skeletal status has been evaluated in several studies with the use of phalangeal QUS measurements (Joly et al, 1999;Hartl et al, 2002;Krieg et al, 2003;Vanderjagt et al, 2001;Gonç alves et al, 2015;Hodson et al, 2003;Drozdzowska et al, 2003;Ribeiro et al, 2010;Barkmann et al, 2002;Dib et al, 2005;Moayyeri et al, 2012;Wuster et al, 2000). However, the majority of them was done in Caucasians subjects and assessed usefulness of QUS at the hand phalanges to detect patients with osteoporosis.…”

“…Although the real significance of the measured parameters are still in study, ultrasonic methods have attracted increasing interest due to its advantages related above and seems to be an interesting tool for low-income countries (WHO Study Group, 1994;Hartl et al, 2002;Krieg et al, 2003;Vanderjagt et al, 2001;Gonç alves et al, 2015).…”

“…Phalangeal ultrasound Osteodensitometry is an increasingly accepted exploration by osteoporosis clinicians (Joly et al, 1999;Hartl et al, 2002;Krieg et al, 2003;Vanderjagt et al, 2001;Gonç alves et al, 2015), but it is not yet fully validated by WHO and most studies done to provide normative data for the QUS parameters, such as Amplitude Dependent Speed of Sound (AD-SoS), were based on European Caucasians samples.…”

“…As it is reported that ethnicity and environmental habit may influences bone quality, those Caucasians references data may lead to contradictory results when used in non Caucasians as black populations of central Africa (WHO Study Group, 1994;Pluskiewicz et al, 1998;Aspray et al, 1996;Kaufman et al, 1993;Joly et al, 1999;Gonç alves et al, 2015;Ribeiro et al, 2010;Dib et al, 2005;Drozdzowska et al, 2003;Moayyeri et al, 2012).…”