Bread‐Making Wheat and Soil Nitrate as Affected by Nitrogen Fertilization in Irrigated Mediterranean Conditions

Lloveras, J.; López, Antonio Martínez; Ferran, J.; Espachs, S.; Solsona, Joan

doi:10.2134/agronj2001.1183

Cited by 59 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Such values seem slightly higher than those required to achieve the maximum grain yield, confirming previous findings (Garrido-Lestache et al, 2004). However, similarly to the results of Ryan et al (1997) and Lloveras et al (2001) in Mediterranean conditions, we did not generally observe any additional response of GPC at over 150 kg N ha -1 . Normally, yield and grain protein content is negatively correlated principally due to the dilution effect (Triboi and Triboi-Blondel, 2002;Stagnari et al, 2013).…”

Section: Effects Of Fertilisers On Yield Grains Protein Concentratiosupporting

confidence: 92%

Nitrogen Fertilisation of Durum Wheat: A Case Study in Mediterranean Area During Transition to Conservation Agriculture

Galieni

Stagnari

Visioli

et al. 2016

Italian Journal of Agronomy

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Nitrogen (N) nutrition plays a key role for high yields and quality in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn); in Mediterranean environments, data regarding N fertilisation management during the transition phase to conservation agriculture (CA) are limited. The aim of this work was to study the effects of N fertiliser forms and rates on yield and some quality traits of durum wheat, during the transition period to CA in Mediterranean areas; moreover, indication on the recommendable N form/rate combinations have been given. Field trials were carried out in south of Italy, during the first two years of transition to CA (from 2010 to 2012) in a durum wheat-based rotation. Following a split-plot design arranged on a randomised complete blocks with three replications, two N forms (main plots) -urea and calcium nitrate -and four N rates (sub-plots) -50, 100, 150 and 200 kg N ha -1 -plus an un-fertilised Control, were compared. The following parameters were analysed: grain yield, N-input efficiency, grains protein concentration (GPC), total gluten, gluten fractions and minerals concentration in kernels. Calcium nitrate gave the highest yield (4.48 t ha -1 ), as predicted by the quadratic model, at 146 kg N ha -1 , on average. This was particularly noticeable in 2012, when the distribution of rainfall and temperatures regimes as well as residues' status could have favoured such N-form. These results were confirmed by the observed higher values of all indices describing N-input efficiency. High GPC values (14.8%) were predicted at slightly higher N-rates (173 kg N ha -1 , averaging both N forms). In particular, gluten proteins and glutenin/gliadin ratio accrued as the N doses increased, reaching the highest values at 150 kg N ha -1 , also positively affecting the quality of durum wheat flour. Iron and zinc concentrations were noticeably increased (38% and 37% on average) by N supply, probably due to the enhanced water use efficiency under CA systems.Principal component analysis summarised properly the obtained results: analysing the N-rates at 150 kg N ha -1 , it was confirmed that yields and quality characteristics of durum wheat were optimised in the wettest year (2011) with calcium nitrate. Moreover, the scarce amount of residues characterising the transition phase to CA, requires N application rates not lower than 150 kg ha -1 in order to ensure stable yields and important quality traits. These N rates should be modulated as the accumulation of crop residues increases over time, thanks to long-term effects of CA on soil chemical, physical and biological properties. IntroductionSouthern Europe's environment is characterised by cool and wet winters and hot and dry summers with low and erratic rainfall distribution, and by soils with very low organic matter levels and nitrogen (N) content. Nitrogen is subjected to several losses with the main pathways being represented by ammonia volatilisation, denitrification and nitrate leaching (Plaza-Bonil et al., 2014). Moreover, in these environments ...

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Section: Effects Of Fertilisers On Yield Grains Protein Concentratiosupporting

confidence: 92%

Nitrogen Fertilisation of Durum Wheat: A Case Study in Mediterranean Area During Transition to Conservation Agriculture

Galieni

Stagnari

Visioli

et al. 2016

Italian Journal of Agronomy

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“…areas (Lloveras et al, 2001). In the Mediterranean irrigated areas of the Ebro Valley, wheat is grown in rotation with maize (Zea mays L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) mainly as an alternative crop requiring much less water than the summer crops.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A lot of research on the effect of N on wheat quality, yield and nitrate leaching, has been conducted in many areas of central Northern Europe (Addiscott et al, 1992;Campbell, 1995;Dilz, 1988;Gate 1995;Gooding and Davies, 1997). However, very little information about these factors comes from irrigated Mediterranean regions that normally produce grain of high bread-making quality (Borghi, 1999;Corbellini et al, 1998;Lloveras et al, 2001;Martre et al, 2003). Reports from Mediterranean areas show that they are suitable for the production of high-quality bread-making wheat because the Mediterranean climate, characterized by dry hot summers with mild winters, leads to a shorter grain-filling period, which generally decreases yield and increases protein concentration in the grain (Borghi et al, 1997;Lopez-Bellido et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To reduce N losses several reports recommended applications of N to be postponed to later stages of the growing season, which favors protein build-up in the grain over yield (Sarandón and Gianibelli, 1992), and enhances the bread-making quality of the flour (Altman et al, 1983;Gooding et al, 1991;Gooding and Davies, 1992). However, the effect is a function of the crop N nutrition status and of the climate conditions, and so this effect is difficult to forecast in Mediterranean areas with high variation in climate (Lloveras et al, 2001). Applications of N as foliar urea to simultaneously increase the protein content of wheat and reduce risks of nitrate leaching or denitrification have been proposed in regions with little or no water stress during grain filling (Gooding et al, 1991;Gooding and Davies, 1992;Kettlewell and Juggies, 1992;Readman et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of nitrogen supply on wheat and on soil nitrate

Abad

Michelena

Lloveras

2005

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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To cite this version:A. Abad, A. Michelena, J. Lloveras. Effects of nitrogen supply on wheat and on soil nitrate. Abstract -Field experiments were conducted at two locations during two growing seasons in the Ebro Valley (Spain), to evaluate the effects of N fertilization on yield and quality of Mediterranean-type wheat in irrigated conditions. Seven N treatments and a control were investigated. The average grain yields ranged from 2117 to 5551 kg ha -1 depending on the year and location. Grain protein ranged from 14.25 to 16.9%, and other quality parameters such as the dough strength (W) also varied with year and location, confirming the suitability of Mediterranean-type wheat and the climate for the production of good bread-making quality wheat. However, grain yields are normally low and both yields and quality can be greatly affected by the variability of this type of climate, even under irrigation. Under these conditions, grain yield increases were mainly due to an increase in the number of grains per m 2 without a reduction in the N content per spike, suggesting that N in the grain was not source-limited, possibly due to the lower grain yields and relatively high soil nitrate concentrations. In soils with lower initial soil NO -3 N contents, better grain yields could be achieved by applying a N fertilizer rate of about 100 kg N ha -1 , whereas in soils with high initial NO -3 N contents, no N or a maximum rate of 50 kg N ha -1 is needed to obtain a good grain quality, showing the possibility of producing high-quality wheat with a low amount of N fertilizer and thus increasing the sustainability of the cropping system. soil N / grain yield / crude protein / alveograph / foliar urea / SDS

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“…However, the best performances obtained for yield and quality traits with N2 and N3 treatments may indicate that the balance sheet method for the estimates of nitrogen requirements of wheat crop (N1) could limit the ex- Table 5. Analysis of variance and mean values of nitrogen content of plant at two growth stages and of grain and straw at harvest (see Table 1 pression of the varieties yield potential (Borghi et al, 1995;Lloveras et al, 2001). This appeared even more evident for the cultivars belonging to the FF and FPS grades, that yielded more grain of better quality (Figures 1, 2, 3) when the rate of nitrogen increased.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Balance Sheet Method Assessment for Nitrogen Fertilization in Bread Wheat: I. Yield and Quality

Corbellini¹,

Perenzin²,

Boggini³

et al. 2006

Italian Journal of Agronomy

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In the European Union the production of high quality wheat is mainly located in the Mediterranean regions where the climatic conditions positively affect protein concentration in the grain. High quality wheat calls for proper management of nitrogen fertilization, thus there is a need to verify whether the limitations imposed by local governments on maximum rate of nitrogen fertilization admitted may affect bread making quality. Trials were conducted in fourteen environments (E) to study the effects of different nitrogen fertilizations on eight cultivars (C), belonging to four quality grades (Q). Nitrogen (N) was applied to crops according to three rates/modalities: N1 corresponding to the maximum rate admitted calculated according to a balance sheet method and distributed at the stage of spike initiation; N2 with 50 kg ha-1 of nitrogen more than N1, also distributed at the stage of spike initiation; N3 with 50 kg ha-1 of nitrogen more than N1 but distributed at the stage of flag leaf appearance. The effects of environment, nitrogen and cultivar were significant for grain yield, test weight, 1000 kernel weight, heading time, plant height and for quality traits (protein content and alveograph indices). The existence of variability among cultivars and quality grades in the response to rate and timing of nitrogen fertilization was demonstrated by the significance of NxC and NxQ interactions. Dry matter and nitrogen contents of plant at anthesis and at harvest were significantly affected by the main sources of variation. High quality cultivars yielded more grain of better quality with higher N rates (N2 and N3) as compared to the maximum rate of nitrogen admitted by the local government (N1). These results demonstrated that the adopted balance sheet method for the calculation of N requirements of wheat crop adversely affects the full potential expression of the cultivars belonging to superior bread making quality grades

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Bread‐Making Wheat and Soil Nitrate as Affected by Nitrogen Fertilization in Irrigated Mediterranean Conditions

Cited by 59 publications

References 12 publications

Nitrogen Fertilisation of Durum Wheat: A Case Study in Mediterranean Area During Transition to Conservation Agriculture

Nitrogen Fertilisation of Durum Wheat: A Case Study in Mediterranean Area During Transition to Conservation Agriculture

Effects of nitrogen supply on wheat and on soil nitrate

Balance Sheet Method Assessment for Nitrogen Fertilization in Bread Wheat: I. Yield and Quality

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