Breakdown of the blood-retinal barriers and cystoid macular edema

Cunha-Vaz, Josè; Travassos, António

doi:10.1016/0039-6257(84)90230-3

Cited by 108 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…It was suggested to be the result of a breakdown in the blood-retinal barrier at the level of the retinal pigmented epithelium, perifoveal capillary plexus, or both. [21][22][23][24] This barrier impairment is thought to be responsible for the release of retinal proteins into the circulation, which could be antigenic and trigger an autoimmune process contributing to the formation of CME and the presence of circulating antiretinal antibodies in RP patients. 25,26 Different modes of therapy have been tried to resolve CME in RP patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence of cystoid macular oedema on optical coherence tomography in retinitis pigmentosa patients without cystic changes on fundus examination

Hajali

Fishman

2008

Eye

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Purpose To determine the prevalence of cystoid macular oedema (CME) by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) patients with no evidence of cystic macular lesions on fundus examination. Methods We included 63 RP patients with no evidence of cystic-appearing macular changes on fundus examination. All patients underwent a complete ocular examination including best-corrected visual acuity using an ETDRS (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study) chart, intraocular pressure measurement, anterior segment examination, and a detailed fundus examination. On 50 of the 63 patients, Fourier-domain OCT was performed using the radial slicer protocol. An additional 13 of the 63 patients were scanned using the macular thickness protocol on a time-domain OCT unit. The diagnosis of CME was defined by the presence of hyporeflective lacunae with well-defined boundaries on at least two of the scans. Results The mean age of patients included in the study was 36 years (range 9-71 years). Out of the 63 patients examined, 20 showed CME in at least one eye (32%), whereas 11 patients showed CME in both eyes (18%). Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that a substantial number of RP patients with CME, as determined by OCT, may not show cystic changes by direct ophthalmoscopy or contact lens biomicroscopy. Knowledge of the high frequency for CME in such patients can serve to identify those who may be amenable to current or future treatment strategies of their macular oedema and can potentially impact on future therapeutic trials where visual acuity is used as an outcome measure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence of cystoid macular oedema on optical coherence tomography in retinitis pigmentosa patients without cystic changes on fundus examination

Hajali

Fishman

2008

Eye

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“…MO is exacerbated by mechanical forces, vascular hyperpermeability, ischaemic changes, metabolic alterations, inflammation, and molecular changes such as growth factors and cytokines. [27][28][29][30] Among them, we showed an association between the ischaemia and the foveal cystoid spaces in MO associated with BRVO. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between perifoveal capillaries and pathomorphology in macular oedema associated with branch retinal vein occlusion

Murakami

Tsujikawa

Miyamoto

et al. 2012

Eye

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“…6 The osmotic force of the retinal extracellular space increases when K þ homeostasis is disturbed, thereby causing retinal edema, 39 and, subsequently, BRB breakdown. 40 K þ conductance dysregulation and Kir4 channel mislocation with Müller-cell gliosis have been described in some retinal diseases such as diabetic retinopathy. 41 Thus, we propose that selective Müller-cell ablation causes alterations in K þ channel-related genes, which results in dysregulation of osmosis, retinal edema, and BRB breakdown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Gene Expression Profiling after Conditional Müller-Cell Ablation in a Novel Transgenic Model

Chung

Shen

Jayawardana

et al. 2013

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PURPOSE. Müller cells, the principal glial cells in the mammalian retina, play an important role in the maintenance of retinal homeostasis. Recent reports suggest that Müller-cell dysfunction may contribute to the pathogenesis of retinal diseases such as idiopathic macular telangiectasia type 2. In the present study, we used microarray to compare retinae isolated from transgenic mice in which the Müller cells of adult mice retinae can be selectively ablated with control mice.METHODS. Retinae were isolated 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after tamoxifen-induced selective Müller-cell ablation and microarray were performed with Affymatrix microarrays. Differentially expressed (DE) genes, temporal trends of DE genes, and pathway analysis were conducted. Quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to validate the results.RESULTS. Strong upregulation of mRNA of proteins involved in gliosis, apoptosis, and neurotrophism was found 1 week after ablation and their related pathways such as the apoptotic and Jak/Stat pathways were identified. Three months after induced Müller-cell ablation, Müller-cell metabolic pathways and vasculopathy-related pathways such as genes involved in glycolysis and tight junctions were downregulated. qRT-PCR analysis showed consistent expression trends of selected genes. CONCLUSIONS.The results were generally consistent with the previous morphologic findings in this model, in which photoreceptor degeneration soon after Müller-cell ablation, accompanied by blood-retinal barrier breakdown and subsequent retinal neovascularization were reported. These results are consistent with a significant contribution of Müller-cell dysfunction on retinal neuronal injury and vascular pathology at the mRNA level. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci.

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Breakdown of the blood-retinal barriers and cystoid macular edema

Cited by 108 publications

References 7 publications

The prevalence of cystoid macular oedema on optical coherence tomography in retinitis pigmentosa patients without cystic changes on fundus examination

The prevalence of cystoid macular oedema on optical coherence tomography in retinitis pigmentosa patients without cystic changes on fundus examination

Relationship between perifoveal capillaries and pathomorphology in macular oedema associated with branch retinal vein occlusion

Differential Gene Expression Profiling after Conditional Müller-Cell Ablation in a Novel Transgenic Model

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