Breakfast Characteristics and Its Association with Daily Micronutrients Intake in Children and Adolescents–A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Giménez-Legarre, Natalia; Miguel‐Berges, María L; Flores-Barrantes, Paloma; Santaliestra-Pasías, Alba M.; Moreno, Luís A.

doi:10.3390/nu12103201

Cited by 37 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…It is well known that a high-quality breakfast is a great source of amino acids, vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and fiber, which positively impacts children’s global health and cognition [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. In this way, evidence indicates that breakfast composition may affect behavior, cognition, and learning in children and adolescents [ 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, dairy in breakfast has an important role on improving growth and brain function in school-age children [ 16 ]; indeed, fortified milk could be an effective way to obtain polyunsaturated fatty acids, a crucial nutrient favouring brain development [ 58 ]. Furthermore, dairy products are rich in micronutrients, such as vitamins (C, D, B6, B12) and minerals (calcium, zinc, selenium) [ 5 , 59 ], all of which are relevant to the brain development and function [ 60 ]. Our findings support this conclusion, because adolescents who included dairy in breakfast had greater global cognitive performance results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Breakfast has been recognized as an essential meal associated with high intake of proteins, vitamins, and minerals, and raised glucose blood concentration [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Moreover, a high-quality breakfast has been related to a lower risk of obesity [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Breakfast: A Crucial Meal for Adolescents’ Cognitive Performance According to Their Nutritional Status. The Cogni-Action Project

et al. 2021

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This study aimed to determine whether pupils who have breakfast just before a cognitive demand, do not regularly skip breakfast, and consume a high-quality breakfast present higher cognitive performance than those who do not; furthermore, to establish differences according to their nutritional status. In this study, 1181 Chilean adolescents aged 10–14 years participated. A global cognitive score was computed through eight tasks, and the body mass index z-score (BMIz) was calculated using a growth reference for school-aged adolescents. The characteristics of breakfast were self-reported. Analyses of covariance were performed to determine differences in cognitive performance according to BMIz groups adjusted to sex, peak height velocity, physical fitness global score, and their schools. A positive association was found in adolescents’ cognitive performance when they had breakfast just before cognitive tasks, did not regularly skip breakfast, presented at least two breakfast quality components, and included dairy products. No significant differences were found between breakfast components, including cereal/bread and fruits/fruit juice. Finally, pupils who were overweight/obese who declared that they skipped breakfast regularly presented a lower cognitive performance than their normal-BMIz peers. These findings suggest that adolescents who have breakfast just prior to a cognitive demand and regularly have a high quality breakfast have better cognitive performance than those who do not. Educative nutritional strategies should be prioritized, especially in “breakfast skippers” adolescents living with overweight/obesity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Breakfast: A Crucial Meal for Adolescents’ Cognitive Performance According to Their Nutritional Status. The Cogni-Action Project

et al. 2021

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“…Different studies observed that skipping breakfast also had reduced intakes of many nutrients, like vitamins, minerals, or dietary fiber [7,8], and a high prevalence of nutrient inadequacy [9]. In agreement with this, previous systematic review and meta-analysis observed that skipping breakfast was associated with worse macronutrient intake and lower micronutrient intake [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…Recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses observed that breakfast consumption was associated with better daily macro-and micronutrient intake in children and adolescents. [3,4]. It has been reported that children and adolescents who ate breakfast regularly had a healthier food pattern compared with breakfast skippers [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-Sectional Associations between Mothers and Children’s Breakfast Routine—The Feel4Diabetes-Study

et al. 2021

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Positive influences of family members have been associated with a high probability of children’s daily breakfast consumption. Therefore, the aim of this study was to scrutinize the association of breakfast routines between mothers and their children. The baseline data of the Feel4Diabetes-study was obtained in 9760 children (49.05% boys)–mother pairs in six European countries. A parental self-reported questionnaire gauging the frequency of breakfast consumption and of breakfast´ foods and beverages consumption was used. Agreement in routines of mothers and their children’s breakfast consumption was analyzed in sex-specific crosstabs. The relationship of breakfast routine and food groups’ consumption between mothers and their children was assessed with analysis of covariance. The highest proportion of children who always consumed breakfast were those whose mothers always consumed it. Children consuming breakfast regularly had a higher intake of milk or unsweetened dairy products and all kind of cereal products (low fiber and whole-grain) than occasional breakfast consumers (p < 0.05). The strong similarity between mothers and children suggests a transfer of breakfast routine from mothers to their children, as a high proportion of children who usually consume breakfast were from mothers also consuming breakfast. All breakfast foods and beverages consumption frequencies were similar between children and their mothers.

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Skipping breakfast and excess weight among young people: the moderator role of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity

et al. 2022

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The present study aimed to test whether the daily minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) engaged moderate the relationship between breakfast status and excess weight (i.e., overweight and/or obesity) in a Spanish sample of young people. A cross-sectional study involving a total sample of 2890 Spanish schoolchildren (46% girls) aged 6−17 years (M = 12.3 ± 2.6) was conducted. To determine the habit of having breakfast, a dichotomous item about breakfast status (yes/no) from the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for children and teenagers (KIDMED) was used. Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children and the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents were fulfilled to offer an estimation of the minutes of MVPA that individuals had in the last seven days. Body mass index (BMI) was converted into z-scores and, therefore, excess weight status (i.e., overweight and/or obesity) was established according to World Health Organization criteria for sex and age. Skipping breakfast was positively related with BMI (z-score) and excess weight. Moderation analyses suggested that daily MVPA minutes moderated the association between skipping breakfast and BMI (boys: β = − 0.175; girls: β = − 0.073) or the excess weight (boys: OR = 1.10; CI 95%, 1.02 to 1.07; girls: OR = 1.14; CI 95%, 1.04 to 1.24), meaning that physical activity of sufficient intensity seems to reduce the effect of skipping breakfast on the body weight status of young people.Conclusion: Our results indicate that promotion of having breakfast should be accompanied by daily MVPA, as young participants who have breakfast and with higher daily MVPA seem to be more likely to have no excess weight. What is Known:• Some of the well-studied factors associated with childhood obesity have been skipping breakfast and insufficient physical activity.• Some studies have pointed out the association between having breakfast and both body mass index and physical activity level, in isolation. What is New:• Daily minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity moderate the association between skipping breakfast and excess weight.• Breakfast promotion as a healthy eating habit should be accompanied by increases in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, since participants who have breakfast and with higher moderate-to-vigorous physical activity seem to be more likely to have no excess weight.

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Breakfast Characteristics and Its Association with Daily Micronutrients Intake in Children and Adolescents–A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cited by 37 publications

References 82 publications

Breakfast: A Crucial Meal for Adolescents’ Cognitive Performance According to Their Nutritional Status. The Cogni-Action Project

Breakfast: A Crucial Meal for Adolescents’ Cognitive Performance According to Their Nutritional Status. The Cogni-Action Project

Cross-Sectional Associations between Mothers and Children’s Breakfast Routine—The Feel4Diabetes-Study

Skipping breakfast and excess weight among young people: the moderator role of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity

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