Breakfast consumption and mental health: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Zahedi, Hoda; Djalalinia, Shirin; Sadeghi, Omid; Garizi, Fateme Zare; Asayesh, Hamid; Payab, Moloud; Zarei, Maryam; Qorbani, Mostafa

doi:10.1080/1028415x.2020.1853411

Cited by 64 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Consistent with previous studies, we also found that breakfast skipping was associated with overweight/obesity [14][15][16] and depressive symptoms [20] in the adolescents, regardless of age and sex. The risk of depressive symptoms associated with breakfast skipping was slightly higher than the pooled results of the meta-analysis [20].…”

Section: The Effect Of Breakfast Skipping On Overweight/obesity and D...supporting

confidence: 92%

The Serial Mediation of the Association between Breakfast Skipping and Suicidality by Weight Status and Depressive Symptoms: Findings from the National Youth Risk Behavior Surveys of the United States

2022

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Background: The evidence is limited for the dose–response association between breakfast skipping and suicidality. The underlying pathway from breakfast skipping to suicidality has also rarely been explored in previous studies. Methods: The data of Youth Risk Behavior Surveys (YRBSs) of the United States from 2011 to 2019 were used with a sample size of 74,074. The male: female ratio was nearly 1:1. Binary logistic regression models with complex sampling design were adopted to show the effect of breakfast skipping on weight status, depressive symptoms, and suicidality. Serial mediation was used to explore the association between breakfast skipping and suicidality by overweight/obesity and depressive symptoms. Findings: The weighted prevalence rates (95% confidence interval) of suicidal ideation, suicide plan, suicide attempt, and medically serious suicide attempt for skipping breakfast totally (0 times/week) were 25.6% (24.4–26.8%), 21.7% (20.5–22.9%), 14.2% (13.0–15.3%), and 5.3% (4.6–5.9%). Breakfast skipping was significantly associated with increased risk of suicidal ideation, suicide plan, suicide attempt, and medically serious suicide attempt. There was statistical significance for the linear dose–response association between breakfast skipping and overweight/obesity, depressive symptoms, and suicidality regardless of sex and age. A serial mediation with effect sizes between 39.68% and 51.30% for the association between breakfast skipping and suicidality by overweight/obesity and depressive symptoms was found in this study. Conclusions: This study emphasizes the hazards of breakfast skipping, which could increase the risk of suicidality among adolescents. Overweight/obesity and depressive symptoms as the mediating factors for the association between breakfast skipping and suicidality should also be with more attention.

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Section: The Effect Of Breakfast Skipping On Overweight/obesity and D...supporting

confidence: 92%

The Serial Mediation of the Association between Breakfast Skipping and Suicidality by Weight Status and Depressive Symptoms: Findings from the National Youth Risk Behavior Surveys of the United States

2022

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“…Eating breakfast regularly seems to have a preventive effect on the process that leads to major depression in patients with poor sleep quality. Based on the results of this study, there was a positive correlation between poor sleep quality, and regular breakfast eating habits, which could prevent depression despite poor sleep quality; several other studies have also concluded that skipping breakfast has a high correlation with depression, and regular breakfast prevents depression [20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. This can be termed as part of human self-regulatory adaptive behavior for preventing depression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Emotional Regulation Activities Moderates the Risk of Depression in People With Sleep Disturbance: Evidence From a Community Health Survey

Hong

2021

Sleep Med Res

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Background and Objective It is widely known that poor sleep quality is closely related to depression, but there are limited studies on the mediating factors.Methods Based on national health survey data, the relationship between sleep quality and depressive symptoms was explored, and structural equations were drawn to determine whether emotional regulation activities, such as regular breakfast, regular exercise, smoking, and drinking contribute to poor sleep quality-induced depression.Results There was a significant correlation between poor sleep quality and depressive symptoms. Regular breakfast tended to mediate between poor sleep quality and depression the most, followed by smoking, drinking, and regular exercise.Conclusions Several emotional regulation activities including regular breakfast, can play a protective role in the process leading to poor sleep quality-induced depression. A follow-up study is required to examine the clinical aspect of how regular breakfast can prevent the process of poor sleep quality to depression.

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“…This research finding is consistent with similar studies not focusing on LBC [ 28 , 29 , 30 ]. Recently, a meta-analysis has concluded that skipping breakfast in adolescents was positively associated with higher risks of depression symptoms and anxiety [ 10 ]. There is also evidence that eating breakfast was significantly associated with insomnia in adolescents [ 31 , 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is an interesting research finding. Nevertheless, previous studies lacked sex-stratified evidence [ 10 ], which limits our understanding of sex differences in the association between eating breakfast and mental health problems in LBC. Future studies are encouraged to address the mechanism underlying eating breakfast and mental health problems in LBC, especially considering sex differences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to the specific food intake, breakfast consumption is also considered an integral part of healthy eating habits. Indeed, a meta-analysis concluded that skipping breakfast was positively associated with odds of depression [ 10 ]. These studies point to the favorable roles of optimal eating habits on mental health in young people.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Care Their Diet and Mind: Association between Eating Habits and Mental Health in Chinese Left-behind Children

2022

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Studies have shown that the prevalence of mental health problems is high among left-behind children (LBC). Modifiable eating habits may play an important role in promoting mental health among these adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the situation of dietary habits and their association with mental health problems in a sample of Chinese LBC. We conducted this cross-sectional study in an economically disadvantaged area of China in May 2020. Information on socio-demographic factors, eating habits (the frequency of eating carbohydrates, fruits, vegetables, protein, and breakfast), and mental health problems (insomnia, depression, and anxiety) were collected among local adolescents. Among 8939 adolescents were recruited, a total of 3314 LBC (1455 males and 1859 females, aged 12–17 years) were identified and included in the current study. Associations between dietary habits and mental health were analyzed by generalized linear models. Results indicated that the dietary pattern was unhealthy among LBC and even worse in females. Compared to routinely eating breakfast and fruits, lower frequencies of eating breakfast and fruits were identified as two significant factors with higher risks of mental health problems. Moreover, the association was more pronounced in females. Therefore, improving diet quality, particularly the frequency of eating breakfast and fruit intake may be an effective approach in the mental health promotion for LBC, especially for females.

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Breakfast consumption and mental health: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Cited by 64 publications

References 58 publications

The Serial Mediation of the Association between Breakfast Skipping and Suicidality by Weight Status and Depressive Symptoms: Findings from the National Youth Risk Behavior Surveys of the United States

The Serial Mediation of the Association between Breakfast Skipping and Suicidality by Weight Status and Depressive Symptoms: Findings from the National Youth Risk Behavior Surveys of the United States

Emotional Regulation Activities Moderates the Risk of Depression in People With Sleep Disturbance: Evidence From a Community Health Survey

Care Their Diet and Mind: Association between Eating Habits and Mental Health in Chinese Left-behind Children

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