Breakfast habits and differences regarding abdominal obesity in a cross-sectional study in Spanish adults: The ANIBES study

Navia, Beatriz; López-Sobaler, Ana M.; Villalobos, Tania; Aranceta-Bartrina, Javier; Gil, Ángel; González‐Gross, Marcela; Serra‐Majem, Lluís; Varela‐Moreiras, Gregorio; Ortega, Rosa M.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0188828

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Snacking between dinner and lunch was significantly associated with a lower risk of obesity among Ardebil adults. This finding is consistent with the results of other studies (Megson et al , 2017; Navia et al , 2017; Leech et al , 2017). Results of a survey indicated that individuals that had snack intake between main meals, compared with others that didn't have a snack, were less likely to be overweight or obese and less likely to have abdominal obesity (Heinitz et al , 2017).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Association between dietary diversity and obesity in Ardebil adults: a case-control study

Mohajeri

Hoojeghani

Pourfarzi

et al. 2019

NFS

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Purpose Obesity is a multi-factorial problem that develops from an interaction between diet, genetics, physical activity, medication, and other factors. This paper aims to examine the association between dietary diversity score (DDS) and obesity among adults of Ardebil. Design/methodology/approach This case-control study was conducted on 204 cases (obese and overweight participants) and 204 controls (healthy weight individuals) matched by socioeconomic status (SES), age (older than 30 years) and sex. Dietary intake was assessed using a 24 h food recall questionnaire. Data on physical activity and socio-demographic variables were gathered. DDS was computed based on the scoring of the 14 food groups recommended by the Food and Agriculture organization guideline. Findings The DDS of the obese group was higher (5.02 ± 1.02) than that of the healthy weight group (4.23 ± 1.18) (p < 0.001). There was a significant association between DDS and body mass index (BMI) in both groups of study, but this association was more significant in the obese group (β = 0.501, p = 0.021) than that of healthy weight group (β = 0.413, p= 0.042). Vegetable food group score in both groups of the study was associated with obesity inversely (p < 0.05). Originality/value This study was conducted for the first time in Ardabil city and the results showed for the first time that there is a relationship between dietary diversity and obesity. People with a higher dietary diversity score are more likely to be obese. In fact, this study for the first time proved that people who are obese have a more varied diet but less vegetables and fruits.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Association between dietary diversity and obesity in Ardebil adults: a case-control study

Mohajeri

Hoojeghani

Pourfarzi

et al. 2019

NFS

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“…Therefore, skipping breakfast has been associated with increased odds of prevalent non-coronary and generalized atherosclerosis in Spanish adults (40–54 years), independent of the presence of conventional cardiovascular risk factors [ 12 ]. In the Spanish adult population (18–64 years), habitual breakfast consumption was negatively associated with abdominal obesity [ 13 ]; a higher percentage of people ate more than four meals daily (including breakfast) and there was a higher rate of consumption of cereals and dairy products in the group without central obesity [ 2 ]. Interestingly, regular breakfast consumption in adolescents from the HELENA Study (including Spain) was associated with higher blood vitamin D and cobalamin concentrations in males and with higher vitamin D and holo-transcobalamin and lower tHcy (total homocysteine) concentrations in females [ 14 ]; moreover, breakfast consumption was associated with high intakes of vitamin D and total folate in both sexes and with high intakes of vitamin B6 and vitamin E in females.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breakfast Consumption in Spain: Patterns, Nutrient Intake and Quality. Findings from the ANIBES Study, a Study from the International Breakfast Research Initiative

et al. 2018

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This study aimed to investigate energy, nutrient and food group intakes at breakfast in Spain and to examine for the first time, their relationship to the overall Diet Quality (DQ). The data used were from the Spanish ANIBES (anthropometric data, macronutrients and micronutrients intake, practice of physical activity, socioeconomic data and lifestyles in Spain), a cross-sectional study using a nationally representative sample of the Spanish population (9–75 years old). DQ was assessed using the Nutrient Rich Foods Index, adapted to total diets (NRF9.3d). Most (>85%) of the Spanish population were regular breakfast consumers, although one in five adolescents were breakfast skippers. Breakfast provides just 16–19% of the daily intake of energy. Relative to its daily energy contribution, the Spanish breakfast contributed a higher proportion of daily total carbohydrates, added sugars, sodium, thiamin, riboflavin, folates, iron, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus and especially in calcium. By contrast, the breakfast is low in water intake, protein, dietary fibre, total fat, polyunsaturated fatty acids, beta-carotene and vitamins E and D. In children and teenagers, the most commonly consumed breakfast food was chocolate (mainly as chocolate-flavoured milk and powder), followed by bakery and pastry, whole milk and semi-skimmed milk. In the older groups, a bigger variety of foods were reported. Consumers in the highest NRF9.3d tertile for diet quality tended to have a higher intake of positive nutrients at breakfast than other tertiles, most notably among adults.

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“…The low level of diversity among children’s products reinforces the need for nutritional education among Spanish children to promote a balanced breakfast in order to help prevent obesity. Previous research has shown that obesity is associated with poor food variety consumption and low intake of fruit at breakfast [ 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breakfast Food Advertisements in Mediterranean Countries: Products’ Sugar Content in the Adverts from 2015 to 2019

Goldmeier

2020

Children

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Although Spain was considered to be the healthiest country in the world in 2019, some studies reported that Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence, especially for breakfast, is low among children in Mediterranean countries, where child obesity is increasing alarmingly. This study correlated longitudinally the sugar content of breakfast products with advertising strategies. The research design applied quantitative analysis to compile the advertising data from 2015 to 2019 for all media, qualitative analysis of the content, and the use of popular characters to promote the food purchase. Additionally, a nutritional analysis was used to determine the products’ sugar content. The results were analyzed according to the target they were aimed at (adults or children). Results showed that the Spanish food industry promoted unhealthy products for breakfast, especially those targeted to children, with very high sugar content. To improve the childhood obesity rate in Spain, greater involvement from the food industry is needed. The reformulation of breakfast products must be a priority along with additional sugar reduction strategies so as not to lose adherence to MD in younger generations. More nutrition education is necessary among children, especially on balanced breakfast consumption, a basic meal that helps children to concentrate better in class during the morning.

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Breakfast habits and differences regarding abdominal obesity in a cross-sectional study in Spanish adults: The ANIBES study

Cited by 17 publications

References 51 publications

Association between dietary diversity and obesity in Ardebil adults: a case-control study

Association between dietary diversity and obesity in Ardebil adults: a case-control study

Breakfast Consumption in Spain: Patterns, Nutrient Intake and Quality. Findings from the ANIBES Study, a Study from the International Breakfast Research Initiative

Breakfast Food Advertisements in Mediterranean Countries: Products’ Sugar Content in the Adverts from 2015 to 2019

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