Breaking the gauge symmetry in lattice gauge-invariant models

Abstract

We consider the role that gauge symmetry breaking terms play on the continuum limit of gauge theories in three dimensions. As a paradigmatic example we consider scalar electrodynamics in which 𝑁 𝑓 complex scalar fields interact with a U(1) gauge field. We discuss under which conditions a gauge-symmetry breaking term destabilizes the critical behavior (continuum limit) of the gauge-invariant theory. We find that the gauge symmetry is robust at transitions at which gauge fields are not critical. At charged transitions, where gauge fields are critical, gauge symmetry is lost as soon as the perturbation is added.