Breaking the Magic: Mouth and Genital Ulcers with Inflamed Cartilage Syndrome

Pak, Stella; Logemann, Shaina; Dee, Christine; Fershko, Adam

doi:10.7759/cureus.1743

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…A differential diagnosis for oral and genital ulcers is the MAGIC (‘Mouth and genital ulcers with inflamed cartilage’) syndrome, if an inflamed cartilage co-exists [ 46 ].…”

Section: Methods and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral ulcers in children- a clinical narrative overview

Légeret

Furlano

2021

Ital J Pediatr

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The prevalence of oral ulcers in children is reported to be 9%, however diagnosis of oral lesions can be challenging, being an unspecific symptom of several diseases. Differential diagnosis can range from classic infectious disease of childhood (e.g. herpangina, hand-foot-and-mouth-disease) over nutritional deficiencies, gastrointestinal disorders, inflammations (e.g. pemphigus vulgaris, lichen planus, mucous membrane pemphigoid) to side effects of medications (Stevens-Johnson Syndrome) or chronic dieseases (e.g. sarcoidosis, systemic Lupus erythematodes, familial Mediterrenean fever). Therefore, children with oral ulcers are treated by many different specialists such as dentists, family doctors, paediatricians, rheumatologists, haematologists, gastroenterologists and otorhinolaryngologists.A systematic literature search and a narrative literature review about the potential 48 diseases connected to oral ulcers were performed. According to the duration of symptoms and size of the lesions, a tabular overview was created to support the clinician in making a correct diagnosis, additionally different treatment options are presented.

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“…A differential diagnosis for oral and genital ulcers is the MAGIC (‘Mouth and genital ulcers with inflamed cartilage’) syndrome, if an inflamed cartilage co-exists [ 46 ].…”

Section: Methods and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral ulcers in children- a clinical narrative overview

Légeret

Furlano

2021

Ital J Pediatr

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“…Children with RAS along with symmetric enamel defects should be evaluated for celiac disease [39,45]. A history of skin, genital, or ocular ulcerative lesions with arthritis should prompt an evaluation for conditions such as Behçet's disease, MAGIC, and Reiter's syndromes [47][48][49]. Multiple conditions involve RAS along with recurring fever and infection including PFAPA syndrome, cyclic neutropenia, and Sweet's syndrome [50][51][52].…”

Section: Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis and Associated Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ulcerated Lesions of the Oral Mucosa: Clinical and Histologic Review

Fitzpatrick

Cohen

Clark

2019

Head and Neck Pathol

141

103

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Ulcerated lesions of the oral cavity have many underlying etiologic factors, most commonly infection, immune related, traumatic, or neoplastic. A detailed patient history is critical in assessing ulcerative oral lesions and should include a complete medical and medication history; whether an inciting or triggering trauma, condition, or medication can be identified; the length of time the lesion has been present; the frequency of episodes in recurrent cases; the presence or absence of pain; and the growth of the lesion over time. For multiple or recurrent lesions the presence or history of ulcers on the skin, genital areas, or eyes should be evaluated along with any accompanying systemic symptoms such as fever, arthritis, or other signs of underlying systemic disease. Biopsy may be indicated in many ulcerative lesions of the oral cavity although some are more suitable for clinical diagnosis. Neoplastic ulcerated lesions are notorious in the oral cavity for their ability to mimic benign ulcerative lesions, highlighting the essential nature of biopsy to establish a diagnosis in cases that are not clinically identifiable or do not respond as expected to treatment. Adjunctive tests may be required for final diagnosis of some ulcerated lesions especially autoimmune lesions. Laboratory tests or evaluation to rule out systemic disease may be also required for recurrent or severe ulcerations especially when accompanied by other symptoms. This discussion will describe the clinical and histopathologic characteristics of a variety of ulcerated lesions found in the oral cavity. KeywordsOral ulcer • Herpetic gingivostomatitis • Aphthous stomatitis • Oral erythema multiforme • Oral medication related ulcer • Oral lichen planus • Oral vesiculobullous lesions • Traumatic oral ulcer • Oral squamous cell carcinoma • Oral lymphoma

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“…The clinical heterogeneity of BD and the lack of pathognomonic features or tests require the exclusion of alternative conditions before confirming the diagnosis. The list of possible differential diagnoses is broad including infections, malignancies, and other autoimmune and rheumatological diseases such as HLA-B27-associated syndromes, reactive arthritis, or antiphospholipid syndrome, and conditions characterized by mucosal ulcers such as periodic fever, aphthous-stomatitis, pharyngitis, adenitis syndrome, or mouth and genital ulcers with inflamed cartilage syndrome [ 56 , 57 ].…”

Section: Differential Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment Options in Pediatric Behçet’s Disease

2023

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Behçet’s disease is a rare and poorly understood vasculitis affecting blood vessels of all types and sizes. Uveitis and oral and genital ulcers represent the typical clinical triad. Populations along the ancient trading route connecting the Mediterranean basin with the Middle and Far East are most affected. Up to a quarter of the cases has a pediatric onset, typically around puberty. The aim of the treatment is early intervention to control inflammation, with symptom relief and prevention of relapses, damage, and complications. The heterogeneous clinical presentation often requires a multidisciplinary and tailored approach. Ocular, neurological, gastrointestinal, and vascular involvement is associated with a worse prognosis and needs more aggressive treatments. In young patients with expected prolonged disease, treatment should also focus on preventive measures and lifestyle advice. In recent years, the pharmacological armamentarium has grown progressively, although only a limited number of drugs are currently authorized for pediatric use. Most evidence for these drugs still derives from adult studies and experience; these are prescribed as off-label medications and are only available as adult formulations. Corticosteroids frequently represent the mainstay for the management of the initial acute phases, but their potential serious adverse effects limit their use to short periods. Different conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs have long been used. Many other biologic drugs targeting different cytokines such as interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and interleukin-17 and treatments with small molecules including the phosphodiesterase 4 and Janus kinase inhibitors are emerging as novel promising therapeutic agents. In recent years, a growing interest has developed around anti-tumor necrosis factor agents that have often proven to be effective in severe cases, especially in those with a gastrointestinal and ocular involvement.

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Breaking the Magic: Mouth and Genital Ulcers with Inflamed Cartilage Syndrome

Cited by 4 publications

References 20 publications

Oral ulcers in children- a clinical narrative overview

Oral ulcers in children- a clinical narrative overview

Ulcerated Lesions of the Oral Mucosa: Clinical and Histologic Review

Treatment Options in Pediatric Behçet’s Disease

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