Breaking the Nordic Defense Deadlock

Abstract

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The concept of war of the Russian Federation. Military instruments in the Russian power policy in 2014

“…Despite the NATO Baltic Air Policing operation, conducted since 2004 to cover the airspace of the Baltic States, Russia systematically violates this space, forcing allied air forces to take off. In the case of the Nordic countries, the very fact that they are considering joining NATO is a pretext for intimidating and harassing them (see Forss 2015). Concurrently, it is worth emphasizing that Russia has sufficient power and instruments to impose its will on the neighboring countries (Kaszuba 2017, 129).…”

Thinking of Russia: Finnish Neutrality after the Cold War and the Influence of Russian Neighborhood on Finnish Cooperation with NATO

“…47 The effectiveness of this approach has been confirmed by security experts Stefan Forss and Pekka Holopainen, who described strong security cooperation among Nordic countries, supported by US security guarantees 'in whatever form they may take', as key to stabilizing the security situation in the Baltic after the crisis in Ukraine. 48 In this respect, since the outbreak of the crisis, the discussion about Finland's security policy has followed the main argument by the proponents of NATO membership, employed ever since the early 2000s: close cooperation with the USA.…”

NATO's Northeastern Flank: Emerging Opportunities for Engagement

“…853 Forss and Holopainen, 2015. Finland and its Nordic partners are also pushing ahead with an unprecedented level of practical collaboration through NORDEFCO. Since NORDEFCO was established in 2009, it has evolved from an intra-Nordic forum for exchange and dialogue to an increasingly operational platform for enhanced cooperation, including with the Nordic defense industry.…”