Breast Abscess and Staphylococcal Disease in a Maternity Hospital

Until relatively recently, the extent of microbiota presence in the human breast was under-appreciated. A high-throughput sequencing study and culture-based studies have demonstrated the extensive presence of microbes in human milk, with their origin believed to be from the skin, oral cavity and via gut translocation. Since formula milk substitutes do not contain these bacteria, what benefits are denied to these infants? The addition of probiotic bacteria to some infant formula is meant to provide some benefits, but these only contain one species and the dose is relatively high compared with breast milk. Many questions of importance to women's health arise from these findings. When, how and what types of microbes colonize the breast at different stages of a woman's life, including postlactation, and what effect do they have on the host in the short and long term? This article discusses some aspects of these questions.

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“…the nonhemolytic S. salivarius, were common mouth isolates in infants under the age of 1 year old [17,18].…”

Section: What Bacteria Are In Breast Milk?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast, Milk and Microbes: A Complex Relationship that Does Not End with Lactation

Urbaniak

Burton

Reid

2012

Womens Health (Lond Engl)

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“…Bruun, B0e & Solberg, 1968;Wilson, 1970) deal with the evaluation of hand antiseptics used in wards. According to several investigations, the use of preparations containing hexachlorophane diminished the rates of crossinfection (Gillespie, Simpson & Tozer, 1958;Gezon et al 1964;Plueckhahn & Banks, 1964;Hirvensalo, Rantasalo & Tiisala, 1965;Baber et al 1967). On the other hand, many hospitals still successfully use only soap for hand washing on wards.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An evaluation of antiseptics used for hand disinfection in wards

Ojajärvi

1976

J. Hyg.

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The antibacterial effectiveness of hand antiseptics commonly used in wards was studied by laboratory and in-use tests and their acceptability assessed by means of a questionnaire passed to hospital staff. To determine the immediate and long-term antibacterial effects of the preparations the in-use tests were performed by groups of students. The greatest immediate reduction in bacterial counts on hands was obtained by products containing chlorhexidine. The long-term antibacterial effect was recorded with emulsions containing 3% hexachlorophane, 2% Irgasan CF3R or 4% chlorhexidine when used constantly on several consecutive days. Considerable discrepancies were recorded in the antibacterial effectiveness of some preparations when comparing laboratory and in-use test results. Therefore it is suggested that antiseptics should be tested by in-use tests which more closely resemble practical conditions before their use, or further trial, in hospital.

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A Vaccine Trial for Neonatal Staphylococcal Disease

Lavoipierre¹,

Newell²,

Smith³

et al. 1971

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med

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A double blind controlled trial was carried out to investigate the method of controlling neonatal staphylococcal disease (NSD) by passive immunization. A group of 166 pregnant women were randomly immunized with a monovalent capsular polysaccharide antigen or with poliomyelitis vaccine (Salk-type) used as "placebo." After delivery, mothers and babies were followed-up at weekly intervals for six weeks. Episodes of staphylococcal disease were recorded. Staphylococcal hemagglutinating antibodies (SHA) were measured in blood specimens collected from mothers and babies before immunization, at birth, and six weeks after birth. The results showed no demonstrable protecting effects against NSD, while paired seras had high levels of SHA titers. This lack of success is ascribed to the type of vaccine used. Further trials with an improved polyvalent capsular staphylococcal antigen are recommended.

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Breast Abscess and Staphylococcal Disease in a Maternity Hospital

Cited by 20 publications

References 11 publications

Breast, Milk and Microbes: A Complex Relationship that Does Not End with Lactation

Breast, Milk and Microbes: A Complex Relationship that Does Not End with Lactation

An evaluation of antiseptics used for hand disinfection in wards

A Vaccine Trial for Neonatal Staphylococcal Disease

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