Breast cancer during pregnancy: A mini-review

Navrozoglou, Iordanis; Vrekoussis, Thomas; Kontostolis, Emmanuel; Dousias, V.; Zervoudis, Stefanos; Stathopoulos, E.; Zoras, Odysseas; Paraskevaidis, Evangelos

doi:10.1016/j.ejso.2008.01.029

Cited by 96 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…There is no evidence that termination of pregnancy favorably affects the prognosis (85). On the other hand, if stage II or IV disease was diagnosed during the first trimester, if there is an aggressive primary tumor and if the expected survival is shorter than the duration of pregnancy, then pregnancy termination can be an option (11). Despite these findings, there is still uncertainty if the pregnancy or postpartum period is an independent prognostic factor on breast cancer.…”

Section: Prognosismentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Besides these limitations, mammography is useful for detecting microcalcifications. Fetal radiation dose due to mammography is 0.01-0.004 Gy (11,50). Upper abdominal or thoracic computed tomography delivers 0.0036 Gy radiation and is considered to be safe for the fetus, while lower abdominal tomography scan delivers a unwanted amount of 0.089 Gy radiation (49).…”

Section: Imaging In Pregnant Women With Breast Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the signs of PABC are seen as normal consequences of pregnancy and breast feeding and usually doctors do not take the complaints into account. Due to concerns of radiation based diagnostic modalities during pregnancy, both the patients and doctors delay screening, and most patients with PABC are diagnosed in advanced stages (11). As large randomized controlled trials are lacking, an evidence based management algorithm of PABC cases is still lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pregnancy associated breast cancer and pregnancy after breast cancer treatment

Döğer¹,

Çalışkan²,

Mallmann³

2011

J Turkish German Gynecol Assoc

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Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers diagnosed during pregnancy and its frequency is increasing as more women postpone their pregnancies to their thirties and forties. Breast cancer diagnosis during pregnancy and lactation is difficult and complex both for the patient and doctors. Delay in diagnosis is frequent and treatment modalities are difficult to accept for the pregnant women. The common treatment approach is surgery after diagnosis, chemotherapy after the first trimester and radiotherapy after delivery. Even though early stage breast cancers have similar prognosis, advanced stage breast cancers diagnosed during pregnancy and lactation have poorer prognosis than similar stage breast cancers diagnosed in non-pregnant women. Women who desire to become pregnant after treatment of breast cancer will have many conflicts. Although the most common concern is recurrence of breast cancer due to pregnancy, the studies conducted showed that pregnancy has no negative effect on breast cancer prognosis. In this review we search for the frequency of breast cancer during pregnancy, the histopathological findings, risk factor, diagnostic and treatment modalities. We reviewed the literature for evidence based findings to help consult the patients on the outcome of breast cancer diagnosed during pregnancy and lactation, and also inform the patients who desire to become pregnant after breast cancer according to current evidences. (J Turkish-German Gynecol Assoc 2011; 12: 247-55)

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Section: Prognosismentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Imaging In Pregnant Women With Breast Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Pregnancy associated breast cancer and pregnancy after breast cancer treatment

Döğer¹,

Çalışkan²,

Mallmann³

2011

J Turkish German Gynecol Assoc

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“…In a recent review, the axillary lymph node dissection is advocated as opposed to sentinel lymph node biopsy [7]. However, according to others, we believe that it can be performed safely [8,9], since -even with normal intra-tumoural dosage -the dose to the foetus is proven to be negligible [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast cancer and pregnancy: diagnosis and treatment options

Velde

Sonke

Rutgers

2009

Breast Cancer Online

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A 36-year-old woman had noticed a lump in her right breast, just after she had discovered she had been pregnant for about 6 weeks. At referral to our clinic, on physical examination a palpable mass was found in the upper quadrant of her right breast, sized 2 cm in diameter.Diagnostic mammography and ultrasound were performed elsewhere and showed an uncertain density on mammography and an uncertain hypoechoic structure on ultrasound cranial to the righter mammilla, sized 15 mm in diameter. Utrasound of the axilla showed no suspected lymph nodes. A core biopsy proved an adenocarcinoma.After discussing the different options, the patient preferred a skin-sparing mastectomy with nipple banking and sentinel node biopsy. The sentinel node was retrieved by 85 MBq technetium-99m nanocolloid intra-tumoural injection, without using blue dye.At histopathology the tumour was T1 (15 mm) in size, B&R grade II; the sentinel node was tumournegative after multiple slicing and IHC staining with Cam 5.2; oestrogen receptor was 100% positive and progestin receptor was 100% positive; HER2-neu was negative. The margins were free. The Mammaprint s showed a low-risk signature, that is no distant metastases within at least 5 years.Since the patient was in her first trimester of pregnancy, and the child was very much desired, finally, the patient opted for endocrine therapy. She will receive tamoxifen and ovarian suppression by LHRH agonist after her child delivery. She decided not to have adjuvant chemotherapy, particularly considering the high hormone responsiveness of the tumour and the Mammaprint low risk. In addition, due to her young age, she was referred to the genetic counselling department. DiscussionBreast cancer is the second most common cancer in pregnant women. The prognosis of breast cancer is independent of the pregnancy, and termination of the pregnancy is not indicated [1]. Surgery is not contraindicated during the first trimester, but could be associated with low birth weight or premature labour [2].Skin-sparing mastectomy was chosen over breast-conserving surgery in this patient to prevent radiotherapy during her pregnancy, as well as considering the higher local relapse rates after breast-conserving treatment in young women [3,4]. In younger women, 10-years risk of recurrence of 20% can be reduced to 10% by radiotherapy boost [5]. However, older radiation courses showed to be dangerous to the foetus [6], and although no data exist on effects of modern radiotherapy, it is not advised in the first trimester until after delivery (Dutch guidelines: http://www.oncoline.nl).The sentinel node biopsy was performed using a lower dose of nanocolloid than usual. In a recent review, the axillary lymph node dissection is advocated as opposed to sentinel lymph node biopsy [7]. However, according to others, we believe that it can be performed safely [8,9], since -even with normal intra-tumoural dosage -the dose to the foetus is proven to be negligible [9]. We used a dose Correspondence to: E. J. Th. Rutgers, The

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“…The incidence of PABC is increasing [2] and at a reported range of 1:3,000 to 1:10,000 pregnancies [3][4][5][6][7] it is presently the most frequently diagnosed type of cancer during pregnancy [8]. The average age of women with PABC is between 32 and 38 years [5,9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2017

IPCB

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Statistical reports have shown that breast and cervical malignancies are the most frequent cancers found in the general female population. As more women choose to delay childbearing, the frequency of associated breast cancer is increasing and it is now the most common pregnancy associated carcinoma. The influence of pregnancy on the risk of breast cancer is dependent on several maternal features related to reproductive, genetic and hormonal factors. The effects of pregnancy on the course of breast cancer and its prognosis are complex. It is known that breast cancer is more aggressive in younger women, but whether it is more aggressive during pregnancy in these same women is debatable. One of the reasons for which overall prognosis is diminished in pregnant women is because breast cancer is usually diagnosed at more advanced stage during pregnancy. Ranked second as the most common malignancy in the female population, after breast carcinoma, cancer of the cervix, where HPV (Human papillomavirus) infection is a necessary cause, has a high incidence of 8.9% in all races and a death rate of 2.8%. It is the second cause of cancer death in females aged between 20 and 39 years and it is now known that pregnancy can play an important role in cervical carcinogenesis as well. The aim of this review is to see how the hormonal changes occurring during pregnancy increases the risk of both breast and cervical cancers.

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Breast cancer during pregnancy: A mini-review

Cited by 96 publications

References 42 publications

Pregnancy associated breast cancer and pregnancy after breast cancer treatment

Pregnancy associated breast cancer and pregnancy after breast cancer treatment

Breast cancer and pregnancy: diagnosis and treatment options

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