Breast cancer fear in girls: a major “side effect” of breast cancer in loved ones and a backlash of ubiquitous media coverage.

Abstract

#5078 Background: Breast cancer significantly impacts girls' lives: it affects 1:8 women and directly impacts those most influential in girls' lives (e.g. mothers, friends' mothers, teachers, coaches). Plus, girls are often exposed to powerful media messages meant to raise breast cancer awareness. Our hypothesis is that these factors could generate significant fear and misunderstanding in adolescent and pre-adolescent girls.
 Methods: To better understand the impact of breast cancer fear in girls, the nonprofit organization Breastcancer.org and the Taking Care of Your “Girls” book project, together with the Lankenau Hospital Health Education Center, conducted an in-school online survey in girls ages 8 to 18 years (median 15), prior to the delivery of a Breast Health Assembly in 7 Philadelphia and Atlanta areas schools. 2450 girls attended the assemblies, of which 1709 participated in the survey (about 70% question completion rate).
 Results: In total, 73% of girls had a relative or close acquaintance who had had breast cancer (most often: a friend's mother [49% n=580/1201]). Although only 3.34% (n=40/1196) of girls' mothers had had breast cancer, girls were most fearful of breast cancer affecting their mothers. While only 46% (n=768/1573) thought breast cancer was common in grandmothers, 76% (n=1192/1572) reported it was most common in mothers. Although only 3.35 % (n=53/1580) believed that breast cancer was common in teens, 26% (477/1554) said that they've already feared having breast cancer themselves. The most common triggers for this fear were a misinterpretation of a normal breast finding, a news report on breast cancer, or a new breast cancer diagnosis in someone they knew. Over 20% believed that infection, drug use, stress, and tanning could cause breast cancer; and 10-20% reported their belief that caffeine, getting bumped or bruised in the breast, and antiperspirants could cause it. In addition, 8.5% thought that breast-feeding increased breast cancer risk.
 Discussion: 73% of the girls in this study have one or more women close to them who've had breast cancer and all girls are sensitive to the media. These factors seem to contribute to their fear of the disease and their tendency to overestimate breast cancer risk (in themselves and their mothers). Furthermore, they were un- or misinformed about true breast cancer risk factors and effective breast health measures. The impact of a girl's unrealistic fear of breast cancer is unknown. We are concerned that it may deter rather than motivate healthy behaviors. Breast health programs are necessary to replace fear and inaccurate information with facts and reassurance. These results might be useful in the design of education and intervention strategies to improve psychological wellbeing and the achievement of long-term public health goals. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 5078.

Controversies in Communication of Genetic Risk for Hereditary Breast Cancer

“…There is evidence that many parents do share their genetic test results and information about familial risk for cancer with minor at-risk children (70)(71)(72)(73)(74)(75). This is not surprising given that children (as young as 6 yo) and adolescents in families affected by cancer are informed of their parent's cancer (76)(77)(78)(79)(80). Several studies have suggested that adolescents are aware and concerned about their own risk for cancer (70)(71)(72)(73)(74)(75)(77)(78)(79)(80)(81).…”

“…This is not surprising given that children (as young as 6 yo) and adolescents in families affected by cancer are informed of their parent's cancer (76)(77)(78)(79)(80). Several studies have suggested that adolescents are aware and concerned about their own risk for cancer (70)(71)(72)(73)(74)(75)(77)(78)(79)(80)(81). Approximately 50% of parents who undergo BRCA1/2 testing inform at-risk minors of their genetic test result (81)(82)(83).…”