Breast Cancer in Female-to-Male Transsexuals: Two Cases With a Review of Physiology and Management

Shao, Theresa; Grossbard, Michael L.; Klein, Paula

doi:10.1016/j.clbc.2011.06.006

Cited by 99 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…There were 7 reported cases of breast cancer in transmen who received gender affirmation therapy (44,45,(64)(65)(66). All 7 cases received testosterone therapy, and 4 underwent a mastectomy prior to diagnosis.…”

Section: Possible Effects Of Cross-sex Hormonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cancer in Transgender People: Evidence and Methodological Considerations

Braun

Nash

Tangpricha

et al. 2017

Epidemiologic Reviews

168

122

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Transgender people comprise a diverse group of individuals whose gender identity or expression differs from that originally assigned to them at birth. Some, but not all, transgender people elect to undergo medical gender affirmation, which may include therapy with cross-sex hormones and/or surgical change of the genitalia and other sex characteristics. As cross-sex hormones administered for the purposes of gender affirmation may be delivered at high doses and over a period of decades, the carcinogenicity of hormonal therapy in transgender people is an area of considerable concern. In addition, concerns about cancer risk in transgender patients have been linked to sexually transmitted infections, increased exposure to well-known risk factors such as smoking and alcohol use, and the lack of adequate access to screening. Several publications have identified cancer as an important priority in transgender health research and called for large-scale studies. The goals of this article are to summarize the evidence on factors that may differentially affect cancer risk in transgender people, assess the relevant cancer surveillance and epidemiologic data available to date, and offer an overview of possible methodological considerations for future studies investigating cancer incidence and mortality in this population.

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Section: Possible Effects Of Cross-sex Hormonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In transmen, published case reports describe cancers of the breast, ovaries, cervix, vagina, and endometrium (17,18,34,35,44,45,(64)(65)(66)(67)(68).…”

Section: Possible Effects Of Cross-sex Hormonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer in Transgender People: Evidence and Methodological Considerations

Braun

Nash

Tangpricha

et al. 2017

Epidemiologic Reviews

168

122

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In multiple cases, patients' reported symptoms led to further screening, which ultimately led to diagnoses (Alhabshi et al, 2011;Ganly & Taylor, 1995;Grabellus et al, 2005;Hage et al, 2000;Harder et al, 2002;Miksad et al, 2006;Pritchard et al, 1988;Schenk et al, 2010;Shao et al, 2011;Symamers, 1968;van Haarst et al, 1998). On occasion, physician exams uncovered the need for further screening (Dhand & Dhaliwal, 2010;Dizon, Tejada-Berges, Koelliker, Steinhoff, & Granai, 2006;Dorff, Shazer, Nepomuceno, & Tucker, 2007;Thurston, 1994).…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 93%

“…On occasion, physician exams uncovered the need for further screening (Dhand & Dhaliwal, 2010;Dizon, Tejada-Berges, Koelliker, Steinhoff, & Granai, 2006;Dorff, Shazer, Nepomuceno, & Tucker, 2007;Thurston, 1994). The following were reportedly used to confirm the diagnosis: ultrasound (Alhabshi et al, 2011), magnetic resonance imaging (Alhabshi et al, 2011;Dhand & Dhaliwal, 2010;Miksad et al, 2006), blood tests (Dizon et al, 2006;Dorff et al, 2007), CT scans (Dizon et al, 2006;van Haarst et al, 1998), ultrasonography (Hage et al, 2000), biopsy (Caricato et al, 2009;Dorff et al, 2007;Pritchard et al, 1988;Thurston, 1994), bone scans (Dorff et al, 2007), X-ray (Thurston, 1994), histology, and gross pathology (Grabellus et al, 2005;Shao et al, 2011).…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 96%

Cancer Care for Transgender Patients: Systematic Literature Review

Watters

Harsh

Corbett

2014

International Journal of Transgenderism

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Objective: Transgender patients enter the health care system with a unique set of strengths and challenges. While facing a cancer diagnosis can be an overwhelming process for patients and their loved ones, questions have to be addressed and particular services have to be provided to create a supportive environment for members of the transgender community. The purpose of this article is to provide a systematic literature review of the existing research on cancer care for transgender patients.Method: Four electronic databases were searched, including PubMed, Wed of Science, CINAHL, and EMBASE. Overall, 23 articles published from 1968 to 2012 met the established criteria and were included in this study.Results: While biomedical components of cancer care for transgender patients, such as diagnostic and treatment strategies, were discussed, the review revealed an overall paucity of literature pertaining to the examined subject, exhibiting a particular lack in consideration of psychosocial and spiritual domains of care.Conclusion: Largely, researchers have focused on biomedical components of cancer care for transgender patients. To gain a deeper, and more inclusive understanding of how the transgender cancer patient population experiences care, further research is needed on psychosocial and spiritual aspects of the cancer experience.

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“…Uma coorte de um ano que acompanhou 966 transexuais homem para mulher e 365 transexuais mulher para homem encontrou um incremento de 51% nas taxas de mortalidade entre transexuais homem para mulher em relação à população geral. Em transexuais mulher para homem, a testosterona está associada à maior incidência de doença metabólica 25 bem como a um elevado risco de desenvolver câncer de mama e de endométrio e eritrocitose (hematócrito >50%). A utilização do etinilestradiol em transexuais homem para mulher foi associada a um risco três vezes maior de morte por doença cardiovascular 26 .…”

Section: Transtorno Da Identidade De Gênero Sem Outra Especificaçãounclassified