Breast cancer in pre-menopausal women in West Africa: Analysis of temporal trends and evaluation of risk factors associated with reproductive life

Sighoko, Dominique; Bakarou, Kamaté; Traoré, Cheick Bougadari; Mallé, Brahima; Coulibaly, Boubacar; Karidiatou, Agnès; Diallo, Coulibaly; Bah, Ebrima; McCormack, Valerie; Muwonge, Richard; Bourgeois, Denis; Gormally, Emmanuelle; Curado, María Paula; Bayo, S; Hainaut, Pierre

doi:10.1016/j.breast.2013.02.011

Cited by 44 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The age-specific incidence curve shows the typical steep increase in incidence in premenopausal women, after which it is relatively flat. Unlike observations in some west African series, where the age-incidence curve showed a curious bimodal pattern, and increases in incidence occurred only in premenopausal women, 14 most of the increase in incidence in Kampala has been in postmenopausal women (Fig. 4a).…”

Section: Epidemiologycontrasting

confidence: 63%

Trends in the incidence of cancer in Kampala, Uganda 1991-2010

et al. 2014

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The Kampala cancer registry is the longest established in Africa. Trends in incidence rates for a 20-year period (1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010) for Kyadondo County (Kampala city and a rural hinterland) illustrate the effects of changing lifestyles in urban Africa, and the effects of the epidemic of HIV-AIDS. There has been an overall increase in the risk of cancer during the period in both sexes, with incidence rates of major cancers such as breast and prostate showing particularly marked increases (3.7% and 5.2% annually, respectively). In the 1960s cancer of the oesophagus was the most common cancer of men (and second in women), and incidence in the last 20 years has not declined. Cancer of the cervix, always the most frequent cancer of women, has shown an increase over the period (1.8% per year), although the rates appear to have declined in the last 4 years. HIV prevalence in adults in Uganda fell from a maximum in 1992 to a minimum (about 6%) in 2004, and has risen a little subsequently, while availability of antiretroviral drugs has risen sharply in recent years. Incidence of Kaposi sarcoma in men fell until about 2002, and has been relatively constant since then, while in women there has been a continuing decline since 2000. Other HIV related cancers-non-Hodgkin lymphoma of younger adults, and squamous cell carcinoma of conjunctiva-have shown major increases in incidence, although the former (NHL) has shown a small decline in incidence in the most recent 2 years. IntroductionKampala Cancer Registry (KCR) was established in 1954 with the aim of obtaining information on cancer occurrence in the population of Kyadondo County which includes Kampala city the capital of Uganda. 1 The registry is located in the Department of Pathology of the Makerere University College of Health Sciences, and achieved adequate coverage of the population in 1960. However, after 10 years, registration activity became confined to the recording of pathology diagnoses, during the period of dictatorship and civil war in the 1970s and 1980s. Full coverage of the Kyadondo population was achieved again in 1989 and has continued since then. 2The registry provides the longest time series of cancer incidence in Africa. This makes the data of special value of cancer surveillance and research, particularly in monitoring the epidemic of HIV/AIDS and as a baseline for analytical studies and intervention studies. Screening programmes are now in existence especially for cancer of the cervix, as a consequence of the very high incidence rates recorded by the registry in previous reports.In a previous paper 3 we presented cancer incidence data from KCR for a 16-year time period (1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006). Here we update this analysis, including more recent data, to identify the consistency or otherwise of the previously observed trends. Materials and MethodsSubmission to the registry is volun...

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Section: Epidemiologycontrasting

confidence: 63%

Trends in the incidence of cancer in Kampala, Uganda 1991-2010

et al. 2014

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“…Similarly, the increasing incidence trend in low-and middleincome countries is due largely to increases in risk factors associated with economic development and urbanization, including obesity and adaptation of a Western-type diet, physical inactivity, delayed childbearing and/or having fewer children, earlier age at menarche, and shorter duration of breastfeeding (20,(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44). For example, average body mass index (BMI) among women has increased over the past several decades in many countries around the world, such as in Costa Rica where the average female BMI increased from 23.3 in 1980 to 27.1 in 2008 (45, 46).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

International Variation in Female Breast Cancer Incidence and Mortality Rates

DeSantis

Bray

Ferlay

et al. 2015

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

664

449

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Background: Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide. Herein, we examine global trends in female breast cancer rates using the most up-to-date data available.Methods: Breast cancer incidence and mortality estimates were obtained from GLOBOCAN 2012 (globocan.iarc.fr). We analyzed trends from 1993 onward using incidence data from 39 countries from the International Agency for Research on Cancer and mortality data from 57 countries from the World Health Organization.Results: Of 32 countries with incidence and mortality data, rates in the recent period diverged-with incidence increasing and mortality decreasing-in nine countries mainly in Northern/ Western Europe. Both incidence and mortality decreased in France, Israel, Italy, Norway, and Spain. In contrast, incidence and death rates both increased in Colombia, Ecuador, and Japan.

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“…11 The majority of breast cancer cases diagnosed in Africa occur in women aged ≤ 50 years. 12 Research also suggests age at menarche is critical in Nigerian women with younger age at first menstruation being associated with elevated breast cancer risk. 8,13 Finally, age at menopause has also been implicated in breast cancer risk, with older age at menopause being associated with greater risk.…”

Section: Age-related Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is consistent with evidence from Western populations. 23 Nevertheless, it is important for health education programmes to emphasise that breast cancer tends to be diagnosed at a young age amongst Nigerian women (aged below 50 years), 12 albeit the efficacy of mammography screening in younger women is questionable (because of greater breast density). Although knowledge of breast cancer risk factors in Nigerian women is low, and this has been implicated in low levels of mammography uptake, 15 the positive relationship between chronological age and mammography history suggests older women were motivated to seek mammograms as a result of awareness of age-related risk factors.…”

Section: Educational Implications For Chronological Agementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even women younger than 50 years should be specifically targeted by such health promotion campaigns, given the lower age of breast cancer onset in Nigerian women. 12 Lower uptake of mammography amongst younger women may contribute to the high proportion of advanced (stage III or IV) breast cancer cases reported in Nigeria (the highest in Africa), 10 because breast pathology may remain undetected for years.…”

Section: Educational Implications For Chronological Agementioning

confidence: 99%

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Mammogram history in Nigerian women: Age-related risk factors for breast cancer and educational implications

Umeh

Ebubedike

et al. 2018

S. Afr. j. oncol.

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BackgroundBreast cancer accounts for 25% of diagnosed cancers and 20% of cancer-related mortality amongst women in sub-Saharan Africa. 1 Data from the International Agency for Research on Cancer suggest about 100 000 breast cancer cases are diagnosed annually in the African region, with the largest number of country-specific cases diagnosed in Nigeria (circa 14 000) yearly. 2 While the breast cancer incidence and mortality rates remain highest in fully industrialised nations, rates are rapidly increasing in developing countries. Thus, there is a dire need to detect cancer early, when it is more responsive to treatment. 3 Mammography is a breast imaging method that employs low-dose x-rays to detect cancer early, thereby reducing the incidence of advanced cancers with poor prognosis. 3 Mammography screening in Nigeria is offered to women aged from 40 to 70 years, 4 although women under 40 years may also be invited for mammograms if they have a strong family history of breast cancer. 5 The efficacy of mammography in younger women is debatable (because of higher breast density). 6 Nevertheless, missing a mammogram can significantly increase the likelihood of being diagnosed with cancer at a later stage. 7Background: Breast cancer accounts for 25% of diagnosed cancers and 20% of cancer-related mortality in women from sub-Saharan Africa. Given the early onset of breast cancer in African women, there is a need to better understand how age-related risk factors contribute to mammography uptake in this population.

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Breast cancer in pre-menopausal women in West Africa: Analysis of temporal trends and evaluation of risk factors associated with reproductive life

Cited by 44 publications

References 30 publications

Trends in the incidence of cancer in Kampala, Uganda 1991-2010

Trends in the incidence of cancer in Kampala, Uganda 1991-2010

International Variation in Female Breast Cancer Incidence and Mortality Rates

Mammogram history in Nigerian women: Age-related risk factors for breast cancer and educational implications

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