2017
DOI: 10.21608/jmh.2017.7916
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Breast cancer molecular subtypes and the metastatic microenvironment: Review of literature

Abstract: Breast Cancer is a major public health concern worldwide. Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer and second leading cause of cancer death in women, with >90% of deaths resulting from metastasis. Clinically, human breast cancers are classified into distinct molecular subtypes (luminal A/B, Her2-positive, and triple-negative [TN]) which exhibit organ-specific patterns of metastasis. The lung is one of the most common sites of metastasis in patients with aggressive triple-negative (TN) disease, while les… Show more

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“…TNBC can be subdivided into 6 distinct molecular subtypes including, basal-like 1 (BL1), basal-like 2 (BL2), immunomodulatory (IM), mesenchymal (M), mesenchymal stem like (MSL) and luminal androgen receptor (LAR) [ 74 ]. Despite the profound advances in the early detection and precise management of BC over the past decades, BC is still liable to very high risks of recurrence, metastasis and treatment resistance [ 75 , 76 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…TNBC can be subdivided into 6 distinct molecular subtypes including, basal-like 1 (BL1), basal-like 2 (BL2), immunomodulatory (IM), mesenchymal (M), mesenchymal stem like (MSL) and luminal androgen receptor (LAR) [ 74 ]. Despite the profound advances in the early detection and precise management of BC over the past decades, BC is still liable to very high risks of recurrence, metastasis and treatment resistance [ 75 , 76 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%