Breast cancer risk assessment by Gail Model in women of Baghdad

Ewaid, Salam Hussein; Al-Azzawi, Luma Hussein Ali

doi:10.1016/j.ajme.2016.09.001

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In our findings, the mean score of 5-year calculated breast cancer risk was 0.98 percent according to the Gail model that is similar to those reported from our neighborhood country among the Turkish and Iraqi women with an average 5-year risk of 0.88 and 0.95 percent respectively 27,28. Our calculated 5-year risk by the Gail model is rather similar to other studies of Iranian women where the average 5-year risk of 0.76 percent was reported 29,30.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

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<p>Risk Assessment for Breast Cancer Development and Its Clinical Impact on Screening Performance in Iranian Women</p>

Nikpour

Hajian‐Tilaki

Bakhtiari

2019

CMAR

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IntroductionThe aim of this study is to estimate the objective and subjective risk and to examine their associations with three forms of breast cancer screening.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 800 women aged 35–85 years from the community setting and outpatient clinic in Babol, the north of Iran. The demographic, socio-economic characteristics and the risk factor profiles were collected through in-person interview. The health belief model (HBM) and visual analog scales were used to assess the women’s perceived risk of breast cancer. The practice of women regarding breast self-examination (BSE), breast clinical examination (BCE), and mammography were measured. We used the Gail model in estimating 5-year and lifetime risk. The logistic regression model was applied to determine the relationship of calculated and perceived risk on screening behaviors.ResultsThe mean of estimated 5-year and lifetime risk were 0.89 ±0.89 and 8.87 ±3.84 percent respectively while the perceived personal risk on visual scale perception was much greater than the calculated risk. The high 5-year calculated risk was a predictor of mammography practice but not BSE and BCE; however, after adjusting the subscales of HBM and socio-demographic characteristics, its effect remained significant (adjusted OR=1.97(95% CI: 1.02–3.08)). The perceived risk from HBM in particular self-efficacy (p=0.001) remained positively significant on all forms of screening practice.ConclusionWhile the perceived risk from HBM scale was meaningful in screening performance, the calculated risk from the Gail model had a clinical impact on mammography behaviors independent of HBM scales.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The Gail model has been validated in breast cancer risk prediction in different populations and it is generally accurate in risk projection 25 – 28. However, some overestimation of the likelihood of risk may occur in a specific subgroup (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Risk Assessment for Breast Cancer Development and Its Clinical Impact on Screening Performance in Iranian Women</p>

Nikpour

Hajian‐Tilaki

Bakhtiari

2019

CMAR

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“…The original model was derived from general American white women with annual mammography screening 12 , 17 and hence, it can be suitable for populations such as in the current study and other similar studies. 13 - 15 , 20 Nevertheless, one of the important limitations of Gail model is the lack of consideration of breast cancer among second degree-relatives as a risk factor. Furthermore, a number of previous studies have shown that the Gail model may overestimate the risk of development of breast cancer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 7 - 11 Among the widely available risk assessment models for breast cancer, Gail model remains the most frequently used tool for prediction of the 5-year and lifetime risks of developing breast cancer for women aged 35 years and older. 12 - 15 It uses 6 breast cancer risk factors, including age, hormonal or reproductive history (age at menarche and age at first live birth), previous history of breast disease (number of breast biopsies and history of atypical hyperplasia), and family history (number of first-degree relatives with breast cancer).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Breast Cancer Risk Estimates Based on the Gail Model and Its Predictors in Qatari Women

Bener

Çatan

Ayoubi

et al. 2017

J Prim Care Community Health

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Background: The Gail model is the most widely used breast cancer risk assessment tool. An accurate assessment of individual’s breast cancer risk is very important for prevention of the disease and for the health care providers to make decision on taking chemoprevention for high-risk women in clinical practice in Qatar. Aim: To assess the breast cancer risk among Arab women population in Qatar using the Gail model and provide a global comparison of risk assessment. Subjects and Methods: In this cross-sectional study of 1488 women (aged 35 years and older), we used the Gail Risk Assessment Tool to assess the risk of developing breast cancer. Sociodemographic features such as age, lifestyle habits, body mass index, breast-feeding duration, consanguinity among parents, and family history of breast cancer were considered as possible risks. Results: The mean age of the study population was 47.8 ± 10.8 years. Qatari women and Arab women constituted 64.7% and 35.3% of the study population, respectively. The mean 5-year and lifetime breast cancer risks were 1.12 ± 0.52 and 10.57 ± 3.1, respectively. Consanguineous marriage among parents was seen in 30.6% of participants. We found a relationship between the 5-year and lifetime risks of breast cancer and variables such as age, age at menarche, gravidity, parity, body mass index, family history of cancer, menopause age, occupation, and level of education. The linear regression analysis identified the predictors for breast cancer in women such as age, age at menarche, age of first birth, family history and age of menopausal were considered the strong predictors and significant contributing risk factors for breast cancer after adjusting for ethnicity, parity and other variables. Conclusion: The current study is the first to evaluate the performance of the Gail model for Arab women population in the Gulf Cooperation Council. Gail model is an appropriate breast cancer risk assessment tool for female population in Qatar.

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“…The data obtained were analyzed and ranked on the basis of informant concensus factor (ICF), fidelity Level (FL), use value (UV) and relative frequency The recorded use reports data have been classified to different types of cancer (Table 2). The highest ICF (0.93) was registered for breast cancer, followed by ovarian cancer (0.81), which could be due to the increased prevalence of these two types of cancer worldwide but also in Morocco [27].…”

Section: Ethnobotanical Indicesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Complimentary Herbal Treatments Used in Meknes-Tafilalet Region (Morocco) to Manage Cancer

Fakir¹,

Bito²,

Zaîd³

et al. 2019

AJPS

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Background. In Morocco, the use of folk medicine and phytotherapy is very common to treat several diseases including cancer. The aim of our study was to perform an ethnobotanical investigation of the plants used in traditional medicine to treat cancer in the region of Meknès-Tafilalet. Methods. An ethnobotanical survey has been conducted in Meknès-Tafilalet region (Meknès, Errachidia, Moulay Idriss, Khenifra, Ifrane and Azrou). Information was gathered from traditional healers, herbalists, patients and users of medicinal plants using semi-structures questionnaires. Results. Our study demonstrates that the practice of phytotherapy for the treatment of diseases and cancer in particular is important since 68.5% of the informants indicated using medicinal plants. In addition, our study reports that 35 different plants, belonging to 23 botanical families, are used in the Meknes-Tafilalet region. Of those, Lamiaceae, Asteraceae, Liliaceae and Fabaceae are the most used families. In addition, we show that Aristolochia longa is the plant mainly used to treat cancer specifically. Our data indicate that leaves and seeds (respectively 36.9% and 28.6%) are the parts of the plants mainly used, largely processed in powder (76.9%). Our data indicate that despite unprecise data on the posology, adverse effects are seen only in 15% of the cases. Conclusion. Our study is an essential documentation on traditional use of medicinal plants in Meknes-Tafilalet region that will contribute to the preservation of the ancestral knowledge and will promote protection of biodiversity of this region.

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Breast cancer risk assessment by Gail Model in women of Baghdad

Cited by 17 publications

References 20 publications

<p>Risk Assessment for Breast Cancer Development and Its Clinical Impact on Screening Performance in Iranian Women</p>

<p>Risk Assessment for Breast Cancer Development and Its Clinical Impact on Screening Performance in Iranian Women</p>

Assessing Breast Cancer Risk Estimates Based on the Gail Model and Its Predictors in Qatari Women

Complimentary Herbal Treatments Used in Meknes-Tafilalet Region (Morocco) to Manage Cancer

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