Breast Cancer Screening Beliefs Questionnaire: psychometric Properties of the Persian version

Abstract

Background: Valid and reliable instruments are needed to assess such beliefs, attitudes, and knowledge. This study aimed to translate Breast Cancer Screening Beliefs Questionnaire into Persian and evaluate its psychometric properties among Iranian women. Methods: In this methodological study, the twelve-item Breast Cancer Screening Beliefs Questionnaire was translated into Persian and filled out by 1256 Iranian women. Face, content, convergent, and discriminant validity were evaluated and exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed for construct validity evaluation. Reliability was also evaluated through calculating Cronbach’s alpha, McDonald’s omega, Average inter-item correlation, and test-retest intraclass correlation coefficient and finally, composite reliability was estimated. Results: Three factors were extracted in factor analysis which included screening attitude, screening knowledge and perception, and screening practice. These factors explained 55.71% of the total variance of breast cancer screening beliefs. This three-factor model was confirmed in confirmatory factor analysis based on model fit indices (PCFI = 0.703, PNFI = 0.697, CMIN/DF = 2.127, RMSEA = 0.30, GFI = 0.980, AGFI = 0.998, and CFI = 0.991). Convergent and discriminant validity were also confirmed. Composite reliability and test-retest intraclass correlation coefficient were more than 0.7. Conclusion: With a three-factor structure, the Persian Breast Cancer Screening Beliefs Questionnaire has acceptable validity and reliability and hence, can be used to evaluate Iranian women’s breast cancer screening beliefs.

The Efficacy of Operational First Aid Training Course in Preschool Children

“…From 1940 onwards, injuries and accidents account for the largest mortality cause among one year or older children [4,5]. Children belong to vulnerable groups [6]. They are more prone to injuries and accidents, especially at school, because they are not mentally and physically mature [7].…”

“…Each stage of development is related to the previous stage. Failing to provide proper health care delay growth and development and gradually make it challenging to compensate [6]. Children during their early stages of development and learning process will learn all the new things very fast.…”

“…One way to help children in this way is education. Training in preparing children to deal with new situations [6]. Children need to be educated at all stages of their growth to raise their awareness because education is one of the critical components of understanding their outside [1].…”