Breast cancer skin test antigens of increased sensitivity prepared from vesicular stomatitis virus-infected tumor cells

Abstract

Crude membrane (CM) extracts were prepared from five cultured breast tumor lines (MDA-MB-157, MDA-MB-231, ZR75-1, HS0578T, and MCF-7) which had been infected with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) to augment their antigenicity. In skin test trials, CM extracts of uninfected MCF-7 cells elicited positive response in 0 of 13 (0%) tests in breast cancer patients, while VSV-MCF-7 elicited positive responses in 11 of the same 13 patients (84.6%). CM extracts of VSV-ZR75-1 and VSV-MCF-7 elicited greater delayed hypersensitivity responses (mm induration at 48 hr) in breast cancer patients than in patients with lung carcinoma or melanoma. Although the sensitivity of VSV-ZR75-1 was too low (ten of 28, or 35.7% of tests positive) to be useful as a skin test antigen, VSV-MCF-7 elicited positive responses in 30 of 38 (78.9%) tests in breast cancer patients, as compared to two of 15 (13.3%) and two of 13 (15.4%) of tests in patients with lung carcinoma and melanoma, respectively. The "virus-augmented" CM extract of cultured MCF-7 cells exhibited markedly greater sensitivity as compared to control MCF-7 extracts (P less than .005), with a high degree of specificity for breast cancer patients as compared to patients with the other neoplasms (P less than .00001). The results of skin testing with VSV-MCF-7 CM extracts demonstrated antigenic cross-reactivity with a large number of breast cancer patients, a finding of great importance for any potential immunotherapy and/or immunodiagnosis.