Breast carcinoma in a prepubertal girl

Syed, Tausif; Singh, Sudipto Kumar; Mukherjee, Tanmoy; Banerjee, Manju

doi:10.1136/bcr-2013-203251

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The incidence of Bcafad positive for hormone receptors was 68.8% (Estrogen Receptor positive) ER+ and 62.5% (Progesterone Receptor Positive) PR+ of cases [2]. (Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2) HER2-status is negative in most cases [10]. Our patient had homolateral axillary lymph node involvement, corroborating with the literature data, the majority of young breast cancers are diagnosed at an advanced stage [11].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Breast Carcinoma Arising in Fibroadenoma in a 15-Year-Old Girl; Diagnosis and Treatment Challenge

Razakanaivo¹,

Rakotoarivo²,

Andrianandrasana³

et al. 2022

JCT

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Breast cancer in adolescents occurring in fibroadenomas is extremely rare. We report a case of right breast cancer in a 15-year-old female student diagnosed in 2020. This is the youngest reported case of breast cancer arising within fibroadenomas in the literature. The teenager has no personal or family history of cancer or known hereditary disease. Currently, there is no consensus on the management of breast cancer arising from adenofibromas in adolescents. Clinically, the tumor was inflammatory with axillary lymph node involvement (T4dN1M0). The fine-needle aspiration cytologic was suspicious of malignancy. The patient received four courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil®, doxorubicin® and cyclosphosphamide®, followed by radical right mastectomy. The histological result of the surgical specimen is a non-specific carcinoma with a therapeutic effect greater than fifty percent. The patient received three courses of adjuvant chemotherapy with paclitaxel®. The adolescent underwent radiation therapy at her chest wall of 50 Gy and regional lymph node of 46 Gy. After radiotherapy, hormone therapy with Tamoxifene® at 20 mg per day was started. At 16 months from radiotherapy, there is no recurrence. The reconstruction of the right breast is planned in a few months.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Breast Carcinoma Arising in Fibroadenoma in a 15-Year-Old Girl; Diagnosis and Treatment Challenge

Razakanaivo¹,

Rakotoarivo²,

Andrianandrasana³

et al. 2022

JCT

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“…Nevertheless, it does occur, and it's crucial for patients and parents to be aware of this potential risk. While it can affect males, it is more commonly seen in females [24]. The predominant form of breast cancer affecting children and adolescents is SBC, originally termed "juvenile breast cancer" by McDivitt and Stewart in 1966 [26,37].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nipple discharge and retraction may occur but are relatively uncommon [8,35]. Due to its rarity and the lack of pain in its presentation, the diagnosis of breast cancer can often be delayed [19,24].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Often, on ultrasonography the lesions are seen as round or oval abnormality, with circumscribed or partially microlobulated margins and in relation to the surrounding fatty tissue, they are hypoechoic with nonhomogeneous internal echoes [39,25]. When ultrasound imaging is inconclusive, breast MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) may be used, although its use, generally, is limited in the paediatric population [24,31,37]. Breast MRI is advantageous for identifying deeper structures and vascular and lymphatic malformations, but it was demonstrated to have a modest false-negative rate in a study presented by Teifke et al in 2020 [40].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Paediatric and Adolescent Breast Cancer: A Narrative Review

Hassan,

Idaewor,

Rasheed

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Breast cancer is the most prevalent form of cancer worldwide. Every year, it affects a significant number of women in the UK and is considered one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths globally. While breast cancer is primarily linked to adult women, its occurrence in children and adolescents is exceedingly rare. This study conducted a narrative review spanning from 1999 to 2023, examining 32 case reports to investigate the characteristics of breast cancer in the paediatric age group. These reports focused on patients under 18 years old who were diagnosed with primary glandular breast cancer, excluding cases originating from other tissues like angiosarcoma, leukaemia, and metastatic cancer. The data analysis encompassed various parameters, including gender, age, histology, receptor status, lymph node involvement, treatment methods, and genetic characteristics. From the published case reports, it was concluded that the most common type of breast cancer affecting children and adolescents is secretory breast carcinoma and predominantly occurs in females. It is typically hormone receptors negative, and the preferred treatment approach involves mastectomy as breast conservation surgery to preserve the developing breast tissue is a real challenge due to limited breast tissue volume in this age group.

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“…Breast cancer is rare before puberty. 7 The incidences of breast cancer by age increases in the general population from 30/100,000 for 30-34year women who are likely to be using the pill to 41/100,000 in women who are likely to be using the contraceptive pill aged 15-44years. It rises dramatically to 424/100,000 in women aged 70-74years who are unlikely to be using the pill.…”

Section: Breast Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

The peri-menopause is a critical period for women

Onwude¹

2022

OGIJ

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Most women and their families will have a natural fear of breast cancer if their relative has to use HRT. The prayer is that while HRT makes their relative well and happy, they pray that she does not develop breast cancer.Secondly, they will have no idea that there is a cogent relationship between ERT/HRT and Alzheimer's Dementia (AD). Most people are too afraid to think of AD because they have heard that there is no treatment or cure for AD. However, that worry should not arise if the woman needs to use Estrogen Replacement therapy alone (unopposed ERT) which is the hormone that needs to be replaced, and not the additional Progestogens for the protection of the uterus against cancer of the endometrium. The concern about the risk of endometrial cancer has not been supported with appropriate evidence. 6 The critical window coincides with when women have common symptoms of the peri-menopause including depression, anxiety, accomplishing less, impatience, feeling tired and worn out, avoiding intimacy, aching in muscle and joints, difficulty sleeping, decrease in physical strength, decrease in stamina, lacking energy, frequent urination and avoiding intimacy. While these would be easily recognized in women who have stopped menstruating as menopausal, women in the peri-menopause might still be menstruating and the diagnosis is not considered.The peri-menopause is associated with other conditions which affect women cogently such as migraines, depression and even divorces.This article reports on the association between ERT and breast cancer, Alzheimer's Dementia, Ovarian cancer and Depression. It shows, cogently, that ERT does not harm the breasts. There is some logical evidence that it might protect the breasts against cancer. This is important because it is very different from the widely held belief, worldwide, that Estrogen replacement can cause breast cancer and confirms that peri-menopausal Estrogen replacement can prevent against AD.

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Breast carcinoma in a prepubertal girl

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

Breast Carcinoma Arising in Fibroadenoma in a 15-Year-Old Girl; Diagnosis and Treatment Challenge

Breast Carcinoma Arising in Fibroadenoma in a 15-Year-Old Girl; Diagnosis and Treatment Challenge

Paediatric and Adolescent Breast Cancer: A Narrative Review

The peri-menopause is a critical period for women

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