Breast carcinoma originating from a silicone granuloma: a case report

Nakahori, Ryoichi; Takahashi, Ryuji; Akashi, Momoko; Tsutsui, Kana; Harada, Shino; Matsubayashi, Roka Namoto; Nakagawa, Shino; Momosaki, Seiya; Akagi, Yoshito

doi:10.1186/s12957-015-0509-6

Cited by 22 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…For instance, charcoal 1 , silicone 2 , 3 and other foreign matter 4 - 6 induced the formation of foreign body granulomas. Cholesterol granuloma is a term given to foreign body granuloma present in various lesions caused by cholesterin 3 , 7 . The most common cells found in cholesterol granulomas are macrophages and foreign body giant cells (FBGC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathological Analysis of Cell Differentiation in Cholesterol Granulomas Experimentally Induced in Mice

Sakai

Nakano²,

Matsuda

et al. 2016

Int. J. Med. Sci.

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In this study, cholesterin was implanted in the subcutaneous tissue in mice to induce the formation of cholesterol granuloma. Histological examination was carried out to determine the type and source of cells. The tissue surrounding the embedded cholesterin was examined histologically within the period of 6 months. Cell differentiation in cholesterol granulomas was investigated using ddY mice and GFP bone marrow transplanted mice. Cholesterin was embedded in mice subcutaneously and histopathological examination was carried out in a period of 6 months. Results showed that at 2 weeks, cholesterin was replaced partly by granulation tissues. The majority of cells in the granulation tissues were macrophages and foreign body giant cells and the center consists of small amount of fibroblasts, collagen fibers and capillaries. At 3 months, more granulation tissue was observed compared to 2 weeks. Similar cells were observed, however, there were more fibroblasts, collagen bundles and capillaries present compared to 2 weeks. At 6 months, the cholesterin was mostly substituted by fibrous tissues consisting mainly of fibroblasts and collagen fibers with some macrophages and foreign body giant cells. Specifically, the outer part of the tissue consists of fibroblasts, collagen bundles and capillaries and the inner portion is filled with collagen bundles. Immunohistochemistry revealed that macrophages and foreign body giant cells were positive to GFP and CD68 although the fibroblasts and capillaries in the outer portion of cholesterol granulomas were GFP negative. Some spindle shape fibroblasts were also GFP positive. Immunofluorescent double staining revealed that cells lining the blood vessels were both positive to GFP and CD31 indicating that those were endothelial cells and were actually derived from the transplanted bone marrow cells. The results suggest that macrophages, foreign body giant cells as well as fibroblasts and capillary endothelial cells are bone marrow derived mesenchymal cells.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathological Analysis of Cell Differentiation in Cholesterol Granulomas Experimentally Induced in Mice

Sakai

Nakano²,

Matsuda

et al. 2016

Int. J. Med. Sci.

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“…In human medicine, Si is employed in cosmetic surgery. However, there is evidence that Si injection can cause inflammation, granulomas and cancer [15]. There are few reports about Si levels in animals and the significant difference in the Si levels in cattle with cutaneous papillomatosis reported in this study may be a new indicator for the disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Evaluation of Trace Element Levels and Antioxidant Metabolism in Cattle with Cutaneous Papillomatosis

Arslan

Tarhan

Çenesiz

et al. 2018

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Cutaneous papillomas are benign proliferative neoplasms. The aetiology and pathogenesis of the disease are very complex. Papillomatosis lesions can be detected anywhere on the body, frequently appearing on the surface of the head, neck, teats, udder, external genital mucosa and upper part of the gastrointestinal tract. The disease is not life threatening but due to loss of productivity, owners often cull animals with papillomatosis. The relationships between trace elements, heavy metals and cancer are still researching. The aim of this study was the evaluation of the relationships between trace elements and antioxidant metabolism, and cutaneous papillomatosis, in cattle.Materials, Methods & Results: Eleven cattle with cutaneous papillomatosis and 10 healthy cattle constituted the study group and control group, respectively. Clinical examinations were performed on all animals. Blood samples were collected and Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Se, Zn, As, B, Ni, Si and Co levels were determined. The analyses were conducted with an inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrophotometer. In addition, catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and ceruloplasmin (Cp) concentrations were measured. The Ni, Si and MDA levels of the study group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05) but the Se levels of the study group were significantly lower than in the control group (P < 0.05). The normality of the data was determined with the Shapiro-Wilk Test and the Independent Samples t-Test or Mann-Whitney U test was used for statistical comparison of the groups.Discussion: Trace elements are essential components of biological systems. The levels of trace elements, such as Cu, Co, I, Se, Zn and Mn, which are affected by grazing activity, influence ruminants’ reproductive performance and other production parameters. The elements Al, As, Cr, Ni and Sn are also presumed to be essential for ruminant metabolism, although sufficient research data are not available. In the present study, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Zn, As, B and Co levels were not significantly different between the papilloma and control groups. Se is an important trace element for skin health. This study revealed a mean serum Se level in animals with papillomatosis that was significantly lower than in the healthy group. Although the mode of anticancer activity of Se is not clear, some factors, such as antioxidant protection, improved immune system surveillance, carcinogen detoxification, modulation of cell proliferation and inhibition of tumour cell invasion and angiogenesis, are important. Ni is classified as a toxic heavy metal. In addition, it could be carcinogenic to humans. Ni level was two times higher in the papillomatosis group than in the healthy animals, in the present study. This result may indicate that Ni has a role in the genesis of papillomatosis in cattle. Si injection can cause inflammation, granulomas and cancer. There are few reports about Si levels in animals and the significant difference in the Si levels in cattle with cutaneous papillomatosis reported in this study may be a new indicator for the disease. The skin contains antioxidant molecules that include GSH, alpha-tocopherol or vitamin E, ascorbic acid or vitamin C, glutathione peroxidases, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), superoxide dismutases (SODs), CAT and quinine reductase. There is strong interaction between ROS and/or their oxidant products and antioxidant molecules in the skin. In this study, although MDA levels were higher in the study group than in the control group, there was no significant difference between the groups in their CAT levels, and also in the GSH and CP levels. In conclusion, these results may evidence the systemic effects of papillomatosis on trace element levels and on oxidant metabolism in cattle.

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“…This concern has not been substantiated yet. But breast carcinoma originating from a silicone granuloma has been reported (6). Considering so many women that have breast implants every year; the compiled data show that there is a very small risk of developing non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and anaplastic large cell lymphoma (7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicone Granuloma Associated with Pectoral Muscle Involvement after Ruptured Breast Implant: a Novel case report

İkizceli¹,

Gülşen

Akın

2018

Eur J Breast Health

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IntroductionSilicone has rapidly become one of the most commonly used prosthetic for breast implants over the last 30 years. Therefore, we have been witnessing more silicone-related disease. Silicone implant rupture, one of the most common silicone-related diseases, occurs more frequently with the implant's age. After implant rupture, silicone leakage can remain within the breast parenchyma or spread to regional lymph nodes first (1). Case studies report silicone migration to distal parts of the body, such as the arm, subcutaneous soft tissues of the abdominal wall and the inguinal area and even to the liver, where silicone causes foreign body inflammation and sometimes mimics malignancy (1). Silicone granuloma associated with pectoral muscle involvement has not been published before.In this study, an unusual case of a patient who was previously operated on a ruptured breast implant following silicone granuloma associated with pectoral muscle involvement is reported, and all imaging modality pattern are shown. Case PresentationA 72-year-old woman was referred to breast radiology department with a pain and hardness in her left breast. The patient had undergone bilateral subglandular breast augmentation surgery when she was 52-year-old. Ten years later, she had silicone implant rupture of left breast, required breast revision surgery and the breast implant and free silicone is removed without replacement. Her right breast was normal. After 10 years of ruptured silicone implant, she complained of pain, hardness, and swelling on her left breast. First of all, to determination of breast cancer and evaluation of the breast parenchyma changes after open removal surgery, a mammography (MG) and breast ultrasonography (US) were performed (IMS Giotto MD digital radiography and Tomosynthesis, Bologna, Italy). The MG showed; diffuse, multiple high-density nodules in the left breast, some with a thin rim of calcifications (Figure 1) Eur J Breast Health 2018; 14: 54-57 DOI: 10.5152/ejbh.2017.3499 54 ABSTRACTIn this study, an unusual case of a patient who was previously operated on a ruptured breast implant following silicone granuloma associated with pectoral muscle involvement is reported. A 72-year-old woman had undergone breast augmentation surgery when she was 52-year-old and silicone implant rupture 10 years later. After 10 years of ruptured silicone implant, her mammography showed diffuse, multiple high-density nodules in the left breast. The pectoral muscle was significantly hypertrophic. The magnetic resonance imaging showed that the pectoral muscle was quite hypertrophic and had heterogeneous enhancement. In clinical consideration and the presence of the suspected malignancy, a biopsy was performed. The histological analysis identified pectoral muscle and breast tissue, which had been mainly replaced by giant cells, along with an apparent foreign body response. Silicone granuloma can present itself as a soft tissue mass. Malignancy is the most important differential diagnosis. Meticulous follow-up is recommended ...

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Breast carcinoma originating from a silicone granuloma: a case report

Cited by 22 publications

References 21 publications

Pathological Analysis of Cell Differentiation in Cholesterol Granulomas Experimentally Induced in Mice

Pathological Analysis of Cell Differentiation in Cholesterol Granulomas Experimentally Induced in Mice

Evaluation of Trace Element Levels and Antioxidant Metabolism in Cattle with Cutaneous Papillomatosis

Silicone Granuloma Associated with Pectoral Muscle Involvement after Ruptured Breast Implant: a Novel case report

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