Breast-feeding and child survival in Matlab, Bangladesh

Shahidullah, M

doi:10.1017/s0021932000021180

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…A study conducted in Kenya showed that children who were breastfed for more than 6 months have significantly lower probability ( < 0.05) of mortality compared to children breastfed for less than 6 months [10]. Also, in Bangladesh, a study revealed that the duration of breastfeeding was an important determinant of childhood mortality [19]. This may be due to the fact that antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory factors in breast milk provide protection from infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Under-Five Mortality in High Mortality Regions of Ethiopia: An Analysis of the 2011 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey Data

Gebretsadik

Gabreyohannes

2016

International Journal of Population Research

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The study was a secondary analysis of existing data from the 2011 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey data. Of the 2097 live births recorded in Affar, Somali, Benishangul-Gumuz, and Gambela regions of Ethiopia between 2006 and 2011, 366 deaths before the age of five years were reported. The univariable and multivariable Cox proportional regression models were fitted to select the factors affecting under-five mortality in these regions. The model revealed that under-five mortality significantly associated with preceding birth interval, family size, birth type, breastfeeding status, source of drinking water, and income of mother. Children born after a preceding birth interval of 2-3 years and 3 years and above were significantly less likely to have died before their fifth birthday than those born within two years. Children who were breastfed, for any period, were 25.5% (HR 1.255, 1.005–1.567,p= 0.045) less likely to have died before their fifth birthday than those who were not breastfed. Increased birth interval time corresponds to a low probability of child mortality. Thus, mothers should be encouraged to wait for a sufficient number of months after a birth to conceive another child. Furthermore, breastfeeding was of paramount importance in the fight against child mortality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Under-Five Mortality in High Mortality Regions of Ethiopia: An Analysis of the 2011 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey Data

Gebretsadik

Gabreyohannes

2016

International Journal of Population Research

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“…The early age at weaning suggests that ancestral humans evolved an unusual capacity to reduce the length of exclusive and transitional feeding without increasing mortality. In humans, an inverse relationship between birth interval and child survival is mediated by breastfeeding (149,209,236). Birth intervals below two years are risky for older sibs.…”

Section: Demographic Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Infant and Young Child Feeding: Implications for Contemporary Public Health

2007

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Evolutionary anthropological and ethnographic studies are used to develop a general conceptual framework for understanding prehistoric, historic, and contemporary variation in human lactation and complementary feeding patterns. Comparison of similarities and differences in human and nonhuman primate lactation biology suggests humans have evolved an unusually flexible strategy for feeding young. Several lines of indirect evidence are consistent with a hypothesis that complementary feeding evolved as a facultative strategy that provided a unique adaptation for resolving tradeoffs between maternal costs of lactation and risk of poor infant outcomes. This evolved flexibility may have been adaptive in the environments in which humans evolved, but it creates potential for mismatch between optimal and actual feeding practices in many contemporary populations.

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“…T here is ample evidence of a positive influence of breastfeeding, especially exclusive breastfeeding, on the survival of the child [1][2][3][4][5] but less information regarding effects on cause-specific mortality, such as that attributable to acute respiratory infections (ARI) and diarrhea. Yoon et al 6 reported a higher risk of diarrhea mortality associated with not breastfeeding, whereas the risk for death attributable to ARI, although higher, was not statistically significant.…”

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confidence: 99%

Exclusive Breastfeeding Reduces Acute Respiratory Infection and Diarrhea Deaths Among Infants in Dhaka Slums

Arifeen

Black²,

Antelman³

et al. 2001

Pediatrics

497

349

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ABSTRACT. Objectives. To describe breastfeeding practices and investigate the influence of exclusive breastfeeding in early infancy on the risk of infant deaths, especially those attributable to respiratory infections (ARI) and diarrhea.Methods. A prospective observational study was conducted on a birth cohort of 1677 infants who were born in slum areas of Dhaka in Bangladesh and followed from birth to 12 months of age. After enrollment at birth, the infants were visited 5 more times by 12 months of age. Verbal autopsy, based on a structured questionnaire, was used to assign a cause to the 180 reported deaths. Proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the effect of breastfeeding practices, introduced as a time-varying variable, after accounting for other variables, including birth weight. Overall neonatal, postneonatal and infant mortality, and mortality attributable to ARI and diarrhea were measured.Results. The proportion of infants who were breastfed exclusively was only 6% at enrollment, increasing to 53% at 1 month and then gradually declining to 5% at 6 months of age. Predominant breastfeeding declined from 66% at enrollment to 4% at 12 months of age. Very few infants were not breastfed, whereas the proportion of partially breastfed infants increased with age. Breastfeeding practices did not differ between low and normal birth weight infants at any age. The overall infant mortality rate was 114 deaths per 1000 live births. Compared with exclusive breastfeeding in the first few months of life, partial or no breastfeeding was associated with a 2.23-fold higher risk of infant deaths resulting from all causes and 2.40-and 3.94-fold higher risk of deaths attributable to ARI and diarrhea, respectively.Conclusion. The important role of appropriate breastfeeding practices in the survival of infants is clear from this analysis. The reduction of ARI deaths underscores the broad-based beneficial effect of exclusive breastfeeding in prevention of infectious diseases beyond its role in reducing exposure to contaminated food, which may have contributed to the strong protection against diarrhea deaths. Pediatrics 2001;108(4). URL: http://www. pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/108/4/e67; infant mortality, birth weight, breastfeeding, diarrhea, ARI, Bangladesh.ABBREVIATIONS. ARI, acute respiratory infection; CI, confidence interval.

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Breast-feeding and child survival in Matlab, Bangladesh

Cited by 13 publications

References 21 publications

Determinants of Under-Five Mortality in High Mortality Regions of Ethiopia: An Analysis of the 2011 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey Data

Determinants of Under-Five Mortality in High Mortality Regions of Ethiopia: An Analysis of the 2011 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey Data

Evolution of Infant and Young Child Feeding: Implications for Contemporary Public Health

Exclusive Breastfeeding Reduces Acute Respiratory Infection and Diarrhea Deaths Among Infants in Dhaka Slums

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