Breast-feeding and infant illness: a dose-response relationship?

Raisler, Jeanne; Alexander, Claire; Ocampo, Paula Linares

doi:10.2105/ajph.89.1.25

Cited by 210 publications

(155 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Recent or 'pooled' estimates are from Raisler 49 and Scariati et al, 48 Uhari and Mantysaar i, 36 Peat 47 and Gdalevich et al 38 for gastrointestinal illness, acute otitis media, respiratory illness (asthma), and eczema respectively. High estimates are from Popkin and Adair, 72 Saarinen, 29 Wright et al, 73 Saarinen 28 and Lucas and Cole 46 respectively.…”

Section: Policy -Practice Gapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High estimates are from Popkin and Adair, 72 Saarinen, 29 Wright et al, 73 Saarinen 28 and Lucas and Cole 46 respectively. 38 and a relative risk of 1.8 for gastrointestinal illness; 48,49 and 'lower bound' and 'upper bound' estimates from Table 3. The attributable hospitalisation cost of 60% of infants not breastfeeding in the ACT falls to $0.61 million and $0.62 million for the 'pooled' and lower bound estimates respectively.…”

Section: Policy -Practice Gapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hospital system costs of artificial infant feeding: estimates for the Australian Capital Territory

Smith

Thompson

Ellwood

2002

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

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Objective: To estimate the attributable ACT hospital system costs of treating selected infant and childhood illnesses having known associations with early weaning from human milk. Method: We identified relative risks of infant and childhood morbidity associated with exposure to artificial feeding in the early months of life vs breastfeeding from cohort studies cited by the American Academy of Pediatrics in 1997 as establishing the protective effect of breastfeeding. Data for ACT breastfeeding prevalence is assessed from a 1997 prospective population‐based cohort study of 1,295 women. ACT Hospital Morbidity Data and DRG treatment costs were used to estimate the attributable fraction of costs of hospitalisation for gastrointestinal illness, respiratory illness and otitis media, eczema, and necrotising enterocolitis. Results: Although initiation rates were high (92%), less than one in 10 ACT infants are exclusively breastfed for the recommended six months, mainly due to supplementation or weaning on to formula within the first three months and the early introduction of solids by breastfeeding mothers. This study suggests the attributable hospitalisation costs of early weaning in the ACT are about $1 ‐2 million a year for the five illnesses. Conclusions and implications: Early weaning from breast milk is associated with significant hospital costs for treatment of gastrointestinal illness, respiratory illness and otitis media, eczema, and necrotising enterocolitis These costs are minimum estimates of the cost of early weaning as they exclude numerous other chronic or common illnesses and out‐of‐hospital health care costs. Higher rates of exclusive breastfeeding would reduce these costs. Interventions to protect and support breastfeeding are likely to be cost‐effective for the public health system.

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Section: Policy -Practice Gapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Policy -Practice Gapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hospital system costs of artificial infant feeding: estimates for the Australian Capital Territory

Smith

Thompson

Ellwood

2002

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

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“…There are various known benefits of BF (Brown et al, 1989;Popkin et al, 1990;Victora et al, 1994;Heinig & Dewey, 1996;Labbok et al, 1997;Pérez-Escamilla, 1997;Anderson et al, 1999;Labbok, 1999), which make these high rates desirable. Breast milk provides nutrients to meet growth needs (Cohen et al, 1994;Dewey et al, 1999;Simondon and Simondon, 1997) and several immunological factors to protect against infections and subsequent mortality (Beaudry et al, 1995;Raisler et al, 1999;Kramer et al, 2001;WHO, 2001). In light of these benefits, not BF is considered a real threat for infant survival in developing country settings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding in Accra, Ghana

et al. 2005

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Objective: To assess factors associated with exclusive breast-feeding (EBF) in Accra, Ghana. Design, subjects, setting: Data on current and past infant feeding patterns, sociodemographic, biomedical and biocultural factors were collected using a cross-sectional design, from a sample of 376 women with infants 0-6 months, attending maternal and child health (MCH) clinics in Accra. EBF was defined in two ways: (a) based on a 24-h recall, and (b) based on a recall of liquids or foods given since birth. Results: Although 99.7% of mothers were currently breastfeeding (BF), only half (51.6%) of them EBF their infants. About 98% of participants had heard about EBF, and 85.6% of them planned to EBF on delivery. Based on 'since birth' EBF, planned EBF on delivery was associated with higher likelihood of EBF (OR ¼ 2.56; 95% CI, 1.06-6.17) and delivery at a hospital/polyclinic was associated with a two times higher likelihood of EBF (OR ¼ 1.96; 95% CI, 1.08-3.54). Women living in their own houses were more likely to EBF (OR ¼ 3.96; 95% CI, 1.02-15.49) than those living in rented accommodations and family houses. Those with a more positive attitude towards EBF were more likely to EBF (OR ¼ 2.0; 95% CI, 1.11-3.57) than their counterparts with more negative attitudes. The '24-h recall' EBF model yielded similar results.

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“…22, no. 1 (Spring 2007) effects for older children (Perera and others 1999;Raisler, Alexander, and O'Compo 1999;WHO Collaborative Study Team 2000). Weaning foods prepared in unhygienic conditions are frequently heavily contaminated with pathogens, and are thus a cause of diarrhea and associated malnutrition (Motarjemi and others 1993;Hendricks and Badruddin 1994;Monte and others 1997;Lanata 2003).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%