Breast Feeding Comes of Age

Richardson, Frank Howard

doi:10.1001/jama.1950.02910300001001

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Richardson (1950) stated that the enthusiasm of the staff for breast feeding had a direct bearing on the success of it. There is a great demand for obstetric beds in Kingston, and, as the University Hospital of the West Indies offers some of the best facilities in the area, not every expectant mother can be booked for delivery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

50. Breast feeding in Kingston, Jamaica

Grantham‐McGregor¹,

Back²

1971

Nursing Research

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Grantham-McGregor, S. M., and Back, E. H. (1970). Archives of Disease in Childhood, 45, 404. Breast feeding in Kingston, Jamaica. A longitudinal study was carried out on 300 Kingston infants born at the University Hospital of the West Indies. The method of milk feeding and the reasons given by the mothers for beginning bottle feeding were recorded. Other factors influencing the incidence of breast feeding were examined. Complementing in hospital, maternal employment, improving socio-economic status, advertising, and general misinformation were considered important. A higher incidence of gastro-enteritis was found in the first 4 months of life among partly or wholly bottle-fed babies than among breast-fed babies. Weight increments were calculated for the first 3 months of life. A higher proportion of infants with increments in the lowest 25% were bottle fed than those infants with increments in the remaining 75%o.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

50. Breast feeding in Kingston, Jamaica

Grantham‐McGregor¹,

Back²

1971

Nursing Research

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“…Despite the enthusiasm that many leading physicians expressed about breast pump technologies, some of those who worked the hardest to support breastfeeding in the mid-twentieth century believed manual expression was still better. It was free, it could be easily learned by any mother, it carried very little risk of contamination, and, by teaching it, doctors and nurses educated women about how their bodies worked [14]. In spite of the efforts of some to focus on fewer technological interventions, the breast pump became a standard fixture in postpartum care [15].…”

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confidence: 99%

Breast Pumping

2013

AMA Journal of Ethics

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The important place of the breast pump in contemporary mothers' experiences with breastfeeding is a relatively new phenomenon. Discussion of the place and meaning of this technology, particularly in the last 5 years, has held an almost constant presence in the media. An article published by American historian Jill Lepore in The New Yorker in 2009 [1] prompted an overwhelming onslaught of commentary and inquiry from mothers and media outlets across the nation. Somewhat unexpectedly, perhaps, Lepore touched a nerve when she asked, "If breast is best, why are women bottling their milk?" She received hundreds of e-mails and phone calls in response to her discussion of the rise of breast pumping, and eventually she appeared on the National Public Radio's show Talk of the Nation [2]. Mothers called in and shared their exasperation with the modern-day conflation of breast pumping with breastfeeding [1-5]. As many mothers then and since have attested, the experiences of hooking oneself to an electrical milking machine and feeding an infant at the breast are two very different things [6].As odd as it may seem when pointed out in this way, by the late 1990s, the breast pump had ascended to near ubiquity as part of the breastfeeding process-becoming so integral to feeding a baby breast milk that the technology seemed all but invisible to critique, analysis, or question. By the early 2000s, as breastfeeding activism in the U.S. focused on public breastfeeding and lactation rooms in work places, few seemed to take notice of the subtle takeover of the breast pump. While scholars have attempted to evaluate the technology in terms of what it can do for women, few have taken a longer look at the history of this device to see where it has come from and to ask what, if anything, the breast pump means for the future of breastfeeding in America.

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