Breast-feeding: how and why to promote it

Giugliani, Elsa Regina Justo

doi:10.2223/jped.769

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…In this study, women who were not in union, particularly those who were formerly married were more likely to stop breastfeeding their infants than women who were in union. It has been suggested that the association between marital status and breastfeeding cessation may be due to the presence or absence of social, emotional and economic support of a partner [ 39 ]; however, these factors were not assessed in our study. A more plausible reason in Kenya, where HIV is high, is that a disproportionately large number of formerly married women are HIV positive and many women in this situation were until recently advised to exclusively breastfeed their infant for 6 months and then to rapidly wean [ 40 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Patterns and determinants of breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices in urban informal settlements, Nairobi Kenya

et al. 2011

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BackgroundThe World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months of life for optimal growth, development and health. Breastfeeding should continue up to two years or more and nutritionally adequate, safe, and appropriately-fed complementary foods should be introduced at the age of six months to meet the evolving needs of the growing infant. Little evidence exists on breastfeeding and infant feeding practices in urban slums in sub-Saharan Africa. Our aim was to assess breastfeeding and infant feeding practices in Nairobi slums with reference to WHO recommendations.MethodsData from a longitudinal study conducted in two Nairobi slums are used. The study used information on the first year of life of 4299 children born between September 2006 and January 2010. All women who gave birth during this period were interviewed on breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices at recruitment and this information was updated twice, at four-monthly intervals. Cox proportional hazard analysis was used to determine factors associated with cessation of breastfeeding in infancy and early introduction of complementary foods.ResultsThere was universal breastfeeding with almost all children (99%) having ever been breastfed. However, more than a third (37%) were not breastfed in the first hour following delivery, and 40% were given something to drink other than the mothers' breast milk within 3 days after delivery. About 85% of infants were still breastfeeding by the end of the 11th month. Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months was rare as only about 2% of infants were exclusively breastfed for six months. Factors associated with sub-optimal infant breastfeeding and feeding practices in these settings include child's sex; perceived size at birth; mother's marital status, ethnicity; education level; family planning (pregnancy desirability); health seeking behaviour (place of delivery) and; neighbourhood (slum of residence).ConclusionsThe study indicates poor adherence to WHO recommendations for breastfeeding and infant feeding practices. Interventions and further research should pay attention to factors such as cultural practices, access to and utilization of health care facilities, child feeding education, and family planning.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Patterns and determinants of breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices in urban informal settlements, Nairobi Kenya

et al. 2011

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“…A plausible reason for this association may be due to the presence or absence of social, emotional and economic support of a partner. 41 Further, mothers with no formal education have been found to have higher odds of non-EBF compared with those who had secondary education or higher. 40 42 43 Our study found that the overall/pooled prevalence of PBF recorded in West and Central Africa was higher than the overall prevalence across all the 29 countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Prevalence of key breastfeeding indicators in 29 sub-Saharan African countries: a meta-analysis of demographic and health surveys (2010–2015)

2017

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ObjectivesTo carry out a meta-analysis to assess the prevalence of four key breastfeeding indicators in four subregions of 29 sub-Saharan African countries.Design, settings and participantsThe 29 countries were categorised into four subregions, and using cross-sectional data from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys (2010–2015) of these countries prevalence of each of four key breastfeeding indicators was estimated for each of the subregions by carrying out a meta-analysis. Due to the presence of significant heterogeneity among the various surveys (I2>50%), a random-effect analytic model was used, and sensitivity analysis was performed to examine the effects of outliers.Main outcome variablesEarly initiation of breast feeding, exclusive breast feeding, predominant breast feeding and bottle feeding.ResultsThe overall prevalence of early initiation of breast feeding varied between a lowest of 37.84% (95% CI 24.62 to 51.05) in Central Africa to a highest of 69.31% (95% CI 67.65 to 70.97) in Southern Africa; the overall prevalence of exclusive breast feeding ranged between a lowest of 23.70% (95% CI 5.37 to 42.03) in Central Africa to a highest of 56.57% (95% CI 53.50 to 59.95) in Southern Africa; the overall prevalence of predominant breast feeding ranged between a lowest of 17.63% (95% CI 12.70 to 22.55) in East Africa and a highest of 46.37% (95% CI 37.22 to 55.52) in West Africa; while the prevalence of bottle feeding varied between a lowest of 8.17% (95% CI 5.51 to 10.84) in West Africa and a highest of 30.05% (95% CI 28.42 to 31.69) in Southern Africa.ConclusionsWest Africa and Central Africa recorded lower overall prevalence of early initiation of breast feeding and exclusive breast feeding than the WHO’s recommended target of 50% by the year 2025. Intervention for improved breastfeeding practices in sub-Saharan Africa should target West and Central Africa, while intervention to minimise bottle feeding should target Southern Africa.

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“…Não viver com o companheiro se associou a uma prevalência de aleitamento materno exclu-sivo 24% inferior. É importante que a mulher nutriz seja apoiada na prática da amamentação exclusiva por pessoas próximas, principalmente o companheiro, pois seu estímulo é o mais significativo para que a mulher possa amamentar 25 . De forma convergente ao presente estudo, Pereira et al 23 observaram que mulheres que viviam com Tabela 2.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Orientações sobre amamentação na atenção básica de saúde e associação com o aleitamento materno exclusivo

Alves

Oliveira²,

Rito³

2018

Ciênc. saúde coletiva

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This article aims to analyze the association between guidance on breastfeeding in primary health care and exclusive breastfeeding. It involved a cross-sectional study conducted in 2013 in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, by means of interviews with 429 mothers of infants below six months of age in primary care units. We estimated adjusted prevalence ratios by Poisson regression. In the final model, the variables associated with the outcome (p ≤ 0.05) were retained. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding was 50.1%. In multivariate analysis, guidance on exclusive breastfeeding in primary care was directly associated with the outcome (PR = 1.32). Maternal income < 1 minimum wage (PR = 0.77), previous breastfeeding experience for less than 6 months (PR = 0.73), not living with a partner (PR = 0.76), non-exclusive breastfeeding at discharge (PR = 0.78), alcohol consumption (OR = 0.57), guidance on pumping breast milk (PR = 0.53), pacifier use (PR = 0, 74) and baby's age in months (PR = 0.78) were associated inversely with the outcome. Guidance on exclusive breastfeeding favored it, while inadequate guidance and practices were associated with a lower prevalence of the outcome.

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Breast-feeding: how and why to promote it

Cited by 21 publications

References 68 publications

Patterns and determinants of breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices in urban informal settlements, Nairobi Kenya

Patterns and determinants of breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices in urban informal settlements, Nairobi Kenya

Prevalence of key breastfeeding indicators in 29 sub-Saharan African countries: a meta-analysis of demographic and health surveys (2010–2015)

Orientações sobre amamentação na atenção básica de saúde e associação com o aleitamento materno exclusivo

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