Breast-feeding in a Low-Income Population

Brent, Nancy B.; Redd, Beverly; Dworetz, April R.; D’Amico, Frank; Greenberg, Joseph J.

doi:10.1001/archpedi.1995.02170200088014

Cited by 80 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Twenty studies included this outcome of any breastfeeding at 6 months [21,25,26,31,44,45,54,56,60,71-73,77-82,84-86], of which two were from developing countries [25,84]. There was a 12% statistically significant increase in any breastfeeding rates at 6 months (RR = 1.12; 95% CI: 1.01 – 1.24), while the results for developing and developing countries separately showed no significant impact (Additional File 2D).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Comprehensive and culturally appropriate breastfeeding education through counselors (be they doctors, nurses, midwives, lactation consultants or peer counselors) during the prenatal period, in the hospital during first week postpartum, and repeated, continual support in the mother’s home may be critical for facilitating breastfeeding among mothers, especially those belonging to the low-income groups [23-25]. Both prenatal and postnatal education is important as the incidence of breastfeeding is affected primarily by prenatal education, whereas the duration and exclusivity of breastfeeding is affected by both prenatal and postpartum management [26,27]. Evidence is also available on the beneficial effect of social support on health during pregnancy and labor and in encouraging successful breastfeeding [28-30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of breastfeeding promotion interventions on breastfeeding rates, with special focus on developing countries

2011

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BackgroundGiven the recognized benefits of breastfeeding for the health of the mother and infants, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for the first six months of life. However, the prevalence of EBF is low globally in many of the developing and developed countries around the world. There is much interest in the effectiveness of breastfeeding promotion interventions on breastfeeding rates in early infancy.MethodsA systematic literature was conducted to identify all studies that evaluated the impact of breastfeeding promotional strategies on any breastfeeding and EBF rates at 4-6 weeks and at 6 months. Data were abstracted into a standard excel sheet by two authors. Meta-analyses were performed with different sub-group analyses. The overall evidence were graded according to the Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group (CHERG) rules using the adapted Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria and recommendations made from developing country studies for inclusion into the Live Saved Tool (LiST) model.ResultsAfter reviewing 968 abstracts, 268 studies were selected for potential inclusion, of which 53 randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials were selected for full abstraction. Thirty two studies gave the outcome of EBF at 4-6 weeks postpartum. There was a statistically significant 43% increase in this outcome, with 89% and 20% significant increases in developing and developed countries respectively. Fifteen studies reported EBF outcomes at 6 months. There was an overall 137% increase, with a significant 6 times increase in EBF in developing countries, compared to 1.3 folds increase in developed country studies. Further sub-group analyses proved that prenatal counseling had a significant impact on breastfeeding outcomes at 4-6 weeks, while both prenatal and postnatal counseling were important for EBF at 6 months.ConclusionBreastfeeding promotion interventions increased exclusive and any breastfeeding rates at 4-6 weeks and at 6 months. A relatively greater impact of these interventions was seen in developing countries with 1.89 and 6 folds increase in EBF rates at 4-6 weeks and at 6 months respectively.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of breastfeeding promotion interventions on breastfeeding rates, with special focus on developing countries

2011

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“…Several studies took repeated measurements of breastfeeding rates and some reported mean duration. Support was usually offered to women intending to breastfeed but in two studies intention to formula feed was not an exclusion criterion 29,30 . In the small study by Porteous et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Support for breastfeeding mothers: a systematic review

Sikorski¹,

Renfrew

Pindoria³

et al. 2003

Paediatric Perinatal Epid

124

105

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Although the benefits of breastfeeding are widely accepted, the effectiveness of different strategies to promote the continuation of breastfeeding once initiated are less clear. The objective of this systematic review was to describe studies comparing standard care with the provision of extra breastfeeding support and to measure its effectiveness. Outcome measures used were rates of cessation of any breastfeeding or exclusive breastfeeding at chosen points in time. Measures of child morbidity and maternal satisfaction were also used when these were reported. Twenty eligible randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials were identified, involving 23 712 mother-infant pairs. Extra support had a beneficial effect on the duration of any breastfeeding (RR [95% confidence intervals] for stopping any breastfeeding before the last study assessment up to 6 months 0.88 [0.81, 0.95]; 15 trials, 21 910 women). The effect was greater for exclusive breastfeeding (RR for stopping exclusive breastfeeding before the last study assessment 0.78 [0.69, 0.89]; 11 trials, 20 788 women). Although the point estimates of relative risk were very similar, benefit derived from professional support achieved statistical significance for any breastfeeding (RR 0.89 [0.81, 0.97]; 10 trials, 19 696 women) but not for exclusive breastfeeding (RR 0.90 [0.81, 1.01]; six trials, 18 258 women). Lay support was effective in reducing the cessation of exclusive breastfeeding (RR 0.66 [0.49, 0.89]; five trials, 2530 women) while the strength of its effect on any breastfeeding was less clear (RR 0.84 [0.69, 1.02]; five trials, 2224 women). Professional support in the largest trial to assess health outcomes produced a significant reduction in the risk of gastrointestinal infections and atopic eczema. In two trials with children suffering from diarrhoeal illness, extra support was highly effective in increasing short-term exclusive breastfeeding rates and reducing recurrence of diarrhoea. This review supports the conclusion that supplementary breastfeeding support should be provided as part of routine health service provision. There is clear evidence for the effectiveness of professional support on the duration of any breastfeeding although the strength of its effect on the rate of exclusive breastfeeding is uncertain. Lay support is effective in promoting exclusive breastfeeding although the strength of its effect on the duration of any breastfeeding is uncertain. Evidence supports the promotion of exclusive breastfeeding as central to the management of diarrhoeal illness in partially breast-fed infants.

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“…Additionally, Gross et al (1998) demonstrated that motivational videos can positively affect the duration of breastfeeding. In a study aimed to increase breastfeeding in a low-income population (Brent et al 1995), mothers were followed up through pregnancy, delivery, and the first year of the infant's life or until the time of weaning from the breast. Women in the intervention group were seen by the lactation consultant.…”

Section: 'Closing the Gap'mentioning

confidence: 99%