Breast-feeding protects against celiac disease

Ivarsson, Anneli; Hernell, Olle; Stenlund, Hans; Persson, Lars‐Åke

doi:10.1093/ajcn/75.5.914

Cited by 406 publications

(392 citation statements)

References 32 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

364

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…34 Also, a higher frequency of terminated breast feeding before the gluten introduction in children with diagnosed CD versus controls was found. 35 The question whether these environmental factors are affecting the phenotype (ie, the intensity of the symptoms), and thus, the chance of being diagnosed rather than triggering the onset of the disease has been under debate. 36 For genetic issues it is often of interest to compare epidemiological data between different regions, countries and populations.…”

Section: Epidemiology Population Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Searching for genes influencing a complex disease: the case of coeliac disease

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recently, a few genes have been reported to be causative in inflammatory diseases. Still, we are waiting for the vast majority to be discovered. New tools for genotyping and statistical analysis have been developed and emphasis has been put on study design. Coeliac disease (CD) is a disorder, where prolamins in dietary wheat gluten and related proteins from rye or barley are not tolerated. It is one of the most common chronic diseases in humans exceeding a population prevalence of 1%. In this article, we will summarise what is currently known about the genetics influencing CD with the emphasis on the non-HLA genetic component. We will discuss some difficulties when searching for susceptibility genes in disorders with complex inheritance patterns.

show abstract

Section: Epidemiology Population Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Searching for genes influencing a complex disease: the case of coeliac disease

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Coeliac disease is induced by prolamines (gluten) present in wheat, barley or rye [4] in genetically susceptible individuals. Timing of the introduction of gluten into the infant diet, the amount of gluten consumed and the introduction of gluten after cessation of breast-feeding have been linked to the risk of coeliac disease and type 1 diabetes [5][6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of autoimmunity to transglutaminase C in children of patients with type 1 diabetes: relationship to islet autoantibodies and infant feeding

Hummel

Banholzer

et al. 2006

Diabetologia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aims/hypothesis Coeliac disease and transglutaminase antibodies are common in patients with type 1 diabetes and their relatives. We investigated the development of transglutaminase antibodies and analysed potential risk factors for coeliac disease autoimmunity in first-degree relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes. Methods The study was conducted by prospective observational follow-up from birth of 1,511 children at increased risk of type 1 diabetes or coeliac disease born in Germany between 1989 and 2000. Mean follow-up was to age 7.6 years. Children were tested for transglutaminase and islet autoantibodies. Children were classified as transglutaminase antibody-positive if antibodies were detected by both ELISA and radiobinding assays. Results The risk of developing transglutaminase antibodies was 4.9% by age 8 years (n=63; 95% CI, 3.7-6.1%). Transglutaminase antibodies developed at an older age than islet autoantibodies (median age, 4.9 vs 2.3 years; p<0.005), and only three children developed both transglutaminase antibodies and islet autoantibodies. Multivariate analysis indicated an increased risk of transglutaminase antibodies in children with the HLA-DRB1*03 allele (hazard ratio for heterozygous DR3, 5.5; 95% CI, 2.9-10.2; hazard ratio for homozygous DR3, 16.2; 95% CI, 6.7-39; p<0.0001) and in children with impaired uterine growth (birth weight ≤ 1st percentile, hazard ratio, 3

show abstract

“…Ivarsson et al found that children with CD received larger initial amounts of flour compared to controls. 3 Another mechanism through which breast milk could protect against CD is by preventing gastrointestinal infections in the infant. Breast milk is known to significantly protect against a number of infections including gastroenteritis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a recent case-control study, Ivarsson et al examined whether breast feeding and the mode of introduction of gluten influenced the risk of CD in 627 Swedish children with CD compared with 1254 controls. 3 They found that the risk of the disease was reduced in children if they were breast feeding at the time of introduction of dietary gluten. Peters et al 4 and Auricchio et al 5 also showed that breast feeding was associated with a reduced risk of developing childhood CD.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Breast-Feeding on Risk of Coeliac Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Ak¹,

Ramanan²,

Basude³

2005

Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Coeliac disease (CD) is a disorder that may depend on genetic, immunological, and environmental factors. Recent observational studies suggest that breast feeding may prevent the development of CD. Aim: To evaluate articles that compared effects of breast feeding on risk of CD. Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies published between 1966 and June 2004 that examined the association between breast feeding and the development of CD. Results: Six case-control studies met the inclusion criteria. With the exception of one small study, all the included studies found an association between increasing duration of breast feeding and decreased risk of developing CD. Meta-analysis showed that the risk of CD was significantly reduced in infants who were breast feeding at the time of gluten introduction (pooled odds ratio 0.48, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.59) compared with infants who were not breast feeding during this period. Conclusions: Breast feeding may offer protection against the development of CD. Breast feeding during the introduction of dietary gluten, and increasing duration of breast feeding were associated with reduced risk of developing CD. It is, however, not clear from the primary studies whether breast feeding delays the onset of symptoms or provides a permanent protection against the disease. Long term prospective cohort studies are required to investigate further the relation between breast feeding and CD.

show abstract

Breast-feeding protects against celiac disease

Abstract: The gradual introduction of gluten-containing foods into the diet of infants while they are still being breast-fed reduces the risk of celiac disease in early childhood and probably also during the subsequent childhood period.

Cited by 406 publications

References 32 publications

Searching for genes influencing a complex disease: the case of coeliac disease

Searching for genes influencing a complex disease: the case of coeliac disease

Development of autoimmunity to transglutaminase C in children of patients with type 1 diabetes: relationship to islet autoantibodies and infant feeding

Effect of Breast-Feeding on Risk of Coeliac Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About