“…They have been used in tasks such as invariant object recognition [1], building and road structure detection from satellite images [1], license plate detection [2], traffic sign recognition [3], diagnosis of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast [4], edge detection [5], texture segmentation [5], image classification [5], fingerprint and face recognition [5], texture recognition [6], and hyperspectral image classification [7]. Gabor filters are known for their ability to extract essential activations, their multi-orientation and multi-scale analysis capabilities, and their effectiveness in texture classification and feature extraction [3,4,7]. They are suitable for texture recognition in computer vision due to their optimal properties in the spatial and frequency domains [3].…”