Breast Lift with and without Implant: A Synopsis and Primer for the Plastic Surgeon

Abstract

Summary Breast ptosis is a common occurrence following weight loss, pregnancy, and breastfeeding, or as a consequence of normal aging. This results in loss of a youthful shape and contour of the breast, with a change in the position of the nipple–areolar complex. Mastopexy can restore this youthful appearance and transpose the nipple–areolar complex to a more aesthetic position on the breast. Various techniques exist that address the skin and parenchyma of the breast and are chosen based on the degree of ptosis and skin laxity, as well as the patient’s goals. These techniques all differ in scar burden and risk profile. Additionally, this can be done simultaneously or in a staged manner. In this literature review, we aim to provide an overview of mastopexy procedures, with and without augmentation. Further, we aim to detail recent advancements in technical approaches, and delineate common complications in certain patient demographics. To this end, we performed a literature search with a medical librarian, using PubMed/Medline to identify pertinent literature. In the context of the review, we discuss important considerations in patient selection and counseling to set expectations and ultimately, optimize surgical outcome and patient satisfaction.

Kite Mastopexy: Small Scar and Tissue-conserving Technique

“… Data are portrayed as range and averages (Avg) for quantitative variables and in number (n) and percentages (%) for categorical ones. Degree of breast ptosis is based on Regnault classification 2 * Patients with implants who underwent either implant removal (n = 7, 5%) or the same one was used to perform mastopexy. …”

“… Data are portrayed as range and averages (Avg) for quantitative variables and in number (n) and percentages (%) for categorical ones. Degree of breast ptosis is based on Regnault classification 2 …”

“… 1 Reduction and augmentation mammoplasty procedures have greatly evolved in the last decades and have recently moved into more conservative techniques. 2 However, the typical large, inverted T-scar after mastopexy remains a common concern after reduction mammaplasty. 3 …”

“…1 Reduction and augmentation mammoplasty procedures have greatly evolved in the last decades and have recently moved into more conservative techniques. 2 However, the typical large, inverted T-scar after mastopexy remains a common concern after reduction mammaplasty. 3 Techniques for mastopexy have effectively addressed the correction of large and/or ptotic breasts (eg, II and III in Regnault classification); however, the visual perception of the abdomen and breasts proportion has not been addressed properly after reduction of redundant breast tissue (Wise "inverted T" pattern).…”

The Versatility of the Lateral-based Mammary Flap as an “Auto-implant” for Enhancing Breast Mound for Patients Undergoing Primary Mastopexy

“… 1 The changes manifest as upper pole deficiency, loose skin, high-grade ptosis, and loss of the breast contour. 2 , 3 The goal of corrective procedures is to construct an aesthetically pleasing breast. 4 Breast surgery without synthetic prostheses is gaining popularity because it can help avoid foreign body reactions and related long-term complications.…”