Breast manifestations of systemic diseases

Dilaveri, Christina A.; Bride, Marie Brid Mac; Sandhu, Nicole P.; Neal, Lonzetta; Ghosh, Karthnik; Wahner‐Roedler, Dietlind L.

doi:10.2147/ijwh.s27624

Cited by 22 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Diabetic mastopathy is a fibrous inflammatory proliferation of the breast tissue that is characteristically seen in premenopausal women about 20 years after the onset of diabetes. It usually manifests clinically as multiple painless hard masses, which are frequently bilateral (58,63). Similar to the imaging findings of IGM, the imaging findings of diabetic mastopathy are inconclusive and often indistinguishable from those of malignancy.…”

Section: Diabetic Fibrous Mastopathymentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Primary breast involvement is very rare. Usual clinical manifestations include unilateral or bilateral breast masses, breast abscesses, necrotic lesions, and ulcerations (63). Nonspecific imaging findings may include ill-defined irregular masses at mammography and irregular hypoechoic masses at US (58,64).…”

Section: Wegener Granulomatosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At mammography, diabetic mastopathy is usually seen as ill-defined masses or focal asymmetries. US findings include multiple irregular hypoechoic masses with absent Doppler color flow and strong posterior acoustic shadowing, the latter of which is related to the fibrotic component (58,63). MR im- some cases, these may represent intramammary lymph node involvement.…”

Section: Diabetic Fibrous Mastopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis: Manifestations at Multimodality Imaging and Pitfalls

et al. 2018

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Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a rare benign inflammatory breast entity characterized by lobulocentric granulomas. IGM has a persistent or recurrent disease course and affects parous premenopausal women with a history of lactation. It has also been associated with hyperprolactinemia. The most common clinical sign is a palpable tender mass. However, the nonspecific manifestations and varied demographic features of this condition, as well as the other similar-appearing and superimposed breast entities, pose substantial diagnostic challenges. Entities with similar manifestations include inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), infective mastitis, foreign body injection granulomas, mammary duct ectasia, diabetic fibrous mastopathy, and systemic granulomatous processes. The strategy for imaging IGM depends on patient age, clinical manifestations, and risk factors. Targeted ultrasonography, mammography, and less commonly, magnetic resonance imaging have proven to be useful for imaging evaluation. Core-needle biopsy, with or without fine-needle aspiration for cytopathologic examination, and culture analysis are usually required to exclude IBC and other benign inflammatory breast processes. Patients with IGM have an excellent prognosis when they are appropriately treated with oral steroids or second-line immunosuppressive and prolactin-lowering medications. However, surgical excision may be an option for patients in whom medication therapy is unsuccessful. Imaging surveillance can be offered to patients with incidentally encountered IGM or mild symptoms. Clinical suspicion for this rare disease and the breast imager's prompt diagnosis can lead to an improved patient outcome. The purpose of this article is to review the imaging manifestations of IGM in a multimodality case-based format and to describe relevant clinical and imaging-based differential diagnoses. The associated pitfalls, epidemiologic and histopathologic factors, clinical manifestations, natural course, and management of IGM also are discussed. RSNA, 2018.

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Section: Diabetic Fibrous Mastopathymentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Wegener Granulomatosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diabetic Fibrous Mastopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis: Manifestations at Multimodality Imaging and Pitfalls

et al. 2018

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“…In 2008, 1,380,000 new occurrences of breast cancer were diagnosed worldwide, with 458,400 persons dying from breast cancer that same year [3], [4]. Death usually results from uncontrolled metastatic disease rather than local recurrence [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Insight into Ki67 Expression at the Invasive Front in Breast Cancer

et al. 2013

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PurposeTo investigate the distribution of Ki67+ cells in breast cancer in relation to clinical-pathological parameters and prognosis.Materials and MethodsKi67 expression status was detected in 1,086 breast cancer specimens using immunohistochemistry staining and examining the relationship between the Ki67+ cells' location. Subsequently, clinical-pathological parameters and prognosis were determined.ResultsIn total, Ki67 protein expression was found in 781 (71.92%) of the 1,086 breast cancer specimens. Among the 781 Ki67+ cases, 461 were defined as diffuse type and 320 were defined as borderline type. After universal correlation analysis, significant differences were observed in age, histological grade, metastatic nodes, postoperative distant metastasis, and molecular subtype between Ki67+ and Ki67− cases (P = 0.01, 0.001, 0.001, 0.001, and 0.001, respectively). After subgroup analysis, the borderline cases were found to be characterized by a high distant metastasis rate compared to the diffuse cases as well as the Ki67− cases (P = 0.001). No differences were observed between diffuse type or Ki67− cases (P = 0.105). Multivariate analysis showed that age, tumor size, histological grade, lymph node metastasis, molecular subtype, and the Ki67 distribution pattern were observed to be related to postoperative distant metastasis (all P<0.05). Furthermore, borderline type was shown to attain a significantly more distant bone and liver metastasis and worse disease-specific survival than the other types (P = 0.001). In the Cox regression test, the Ki67 distribution pattern was detected as an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.001).ConclusionThe distribution pattern of Ki67 may be a new independent prognostic factor for breast cancer.

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“…In 2008, 1,380,000 new occurrences of breast cancer were diagnosed worldwide, with 458,400 persons dying from breast cancer that same year [2,3]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical implications of AGBL2 expression and its inhibitor latexin in breast cancer

Zhang

Ren

Pang³

et al. 2014

World J Surg Onc

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BackgroundWe investigated the expression status of AGBL2 and its inhibitor latexin in breast cancer stem cells and its clinical implications in order to lay a foundation for managing breast cancer.MethodsCD44+/CD24- tumor cells (CSC) from clinical specimens were sorted using flow cytometry. AGBL2 expression status was detected in CSC and 126 breast cancer specimens by western blot and immunohistochemistry staining. The relationship between the AGBL2 protein and clinicopathological parameters and prognosis was subsequently determined.ResultAs a result, CSC are more likely to generate new tumors in mice and cell microspheres that are deficient in non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency mice (NOD/SCID) compared to the control group. The AGBL2 protein was expressed higher in CSC induced to epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) when compared to the control cells, and was found to be related to CSC chemotherapy resistance. After Spearman regression correlation analysis, AGBL2 was observed to be related to clinical stage, histological stage, and lymph node metastasis. In the Cox regression test, the AGBL2 protein was detected as an independent prognostic factor. Through immunoprecipitation, AGBL2 and latexin could form immune complexes.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that AGBL2 is a latexin-interacting protein that regulates the tubulin tyrosination cycle and is a potential target for intervention.

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Breast manifestations of systemic diseases

Cited by 22 publications

References 52 publications

Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis: Manifestations at Multimodality Imaging and Pitfalls

Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis: Manifestations at Multimodality Imaging and Pitfalls

New Insight into Ki67 Expression at the Invasive Front in Breast Cancer

Clinical implications of AGBL2 expression and its inhibitor latexin in breast cancer

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