Breast metastases in children with rhabdomyosarcoma

Howarth, Cathryn B.; Caces, Josephina N.; Pratt, Charles B.

doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19801201)46:11<2520::aid-cncr2820461134>3.0.co;2-h

Cited by 72 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…They occur mainly in adolescent girls with the primary tumor being located in the extremities and extremely rarely elsewhere such as sinonasally [4]. There is a strong association between alveolar histology and breast deposits [1,2,4,5,6]. Disseminated disease is usually evident at time of diagnosis of breast metastasis, and bone marrow involvement often precedes this development [6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metastastic rhabdomyosarcoma to the breast

et al. 2001

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Rhabdomyosarcoma is a common extramammary primary malignancy in childhood that rarely metastasises to the breast. We present a patient with primary sinonasal rhabdomyosarcoma who was in remission when she developed breast metastases. We describe particular imaging findings of this disease, using ultrasound and MR imaging. To our knowledge, MR findings have only been described in one previous case report in the literature.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The primary tumor is usually of the alveolar histological type and located in the extremities [4,5,6]. These girls frequently have disseminated disease along with their breast metastases.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Metastastic rhabdomyosarcoma to the breast

et al. 2001

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“…For these reasons Howarth and associates suggested that the physiologic state of the breast was an important determining factor in the development of such metastases. 28 The three cases of breast metastases in our series were in adolescent girls undergoing breast growth. Lloyd and associates' review12 of rhabdomyosarcomas in adults described five patients with alveolar type tumors, and none were reported to have breast metastases, lending support to the concept that the developing breast is at higher risk for being involved with metastases.…”

Section: Fig 2 Solid Cellular Portion Of Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma mentioning

confidence: 90%

Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma of the female genitalia

Sneige

Stringer

Gershenson

et al. 1985

Cancer

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Eight cases of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma of the female genitalia were diagnosed from 1963 to 1983 at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Hospital. The primary sites were vulva in two, perineum in five, and broad ligament in one patient. When possible, therapy was initiated with local tumor excision (five patients). Surgery was followed by local or regional radiation (six patients) and chemotherapy (seven patients). Of the eight patients, five died within 9 months, one died 27 months after diagnosis, and only two are 5-year survivors. The aggressive behavior of this tumor is evidenced by autopsy findings of widespread metastases. Metastatic disease to the bone was present in four patients and to the breast in three patients. Local disease was controlled in two patients who died of distant metastases. Current therapy recommendations include excisional surgery, local radiation, and combination chemotherapy. A need for more effective chemotherapeutic programs is evident.

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“…Rhabdomyosarcoma, usually of the alveolar subtype, is the most common malignancy to metastasize to the breast, occurring in 6% of cases, but it rarely arises primarily in the breast [30,31]. The female breast is more commonly involved by disseminated disease, but metastases also occur in the male breast [3].…”

Section: Metastatic Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Solid masses larger than 6 cm are also suspicious and should undergo surgical excision [1,3]. Because differentiating phyllodes tumor from fibroadenoma is so challenging because of the significant overlap in imaging appearances [3,31,35], this distinction can only be made with tissue sampling for histological evaluation [3,33,34]. Fine-needle aspiration might not be sufficient because the cytological features suggestive of phyllodes, such as hypercellular stromal fragments and multinucleated giant cells, are not specific enough to make a firm diagnosis [35,36].…”

Section: Cystosarcoma Phyllodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound of pediatric breast masses: what to do with lumps and bumps

2015

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The approach to breast masses in children differs from that in adults in many ways, including the differential diagnostic considerations, imaging algorithm and appropriateness of biopsy as a means of further characterization. Most pediatric breast masses are benign, either related to breast development or benign neoplastic processes. Biopsy is rarely needed and can damage the developing breast; thus radiologists must be familiar with the imaging appearance of common entities so that biopsies are judiciously recommended. The purpose of this article is to describe the imaging appearances of the normally developing pediatric breast as well as illustrate the imaging findings of a spectrum of diseases, including those that are benign (fibroadenoma, juvenile papillomatosis, pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia, gynecomastia, abscess and fat necrosis), malignant (breast carcinoma and metastases), and have variable malignant potential (phyllodes tumor).

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Breast metastases in children with rhabdomyosarcoma

Cited by 72 publications

References 15 publications

Metastastic rhabdomyosarcoma to the breast

Metastastic rhabdomyosarcoma to the breast

Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma of the female genitalia

Ultrasound of pediatric breast masses: what to do with lumps and bumps

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