Breast Milk Cytokine and IgA Composition Differ in Estonian and Swedish Mothers—Relationship to Microbial Pressure and Infant Allergy

Tomičić, Sara; Johansson, Git; Voor, Tiia; Björkstén, Bengt; Böttcher, Malin Fagerås; Jenmalm, Maria C.

doi:10.1203/pdr.0b013e3181ee049d

Cited by 64 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Allergy [31] and infection [32] of the mother impact on breast milk inflammation markers. Maternal country of origin [33] and stress may also influence breast milk contents. Studies of Hassiotou F et al [34], and Riskin A et al [35], have reported a raise in leukocyte count, antibodies and inflammation markers in mothers' breast milk during active infection in nursing infants, supporting a very dynamic nature of the immune defense provided by breastfeeding in mother-infant dyads.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subclinical mastitis occurs frequently in association with dramatic changes in inflammatory/anti-inflammatory breast milk components

et al. 2016

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subclinical mastitis occurs frequently in association with dramatic changes in inflammatory/anti-inflammatory breast milk components

et al. 2016

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“…The levels of TGF-β varied considerably between studies, which was in part explained by the atopic status or probiotic consumption of the mother. Estonian mothers living in an environment with a greater microbial load have lower levels of TGF-β but higher levels of interleukin (IL)-10 and secretory IgA in their BM than do Swedish mothers [17], whereas a farming environment was related to increased BM TGF-β 1 and IL-10, which could modify the infant immune system and be related to a lower prevalence of allergic diseases [18]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Maternal Allergy and Use of Probiotics during Pregnancy on Breast Milk Cytokines and Food Antibodies and Development of Allergy in Children until 5 Years

Kuitunen

Kukkonen

Savilahti

2012

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Background: Whether breast milk (BM) can protect against allergy has been studied extensively, with conflicting results. Variations in mothers’ BM composition may explain some of the conflicting results. Our aim was to assess the impact of maternal allergy and probiotic intervention on BM food antibodies, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β₂ and interleukin (IL)-10 and their impact on allergy development in children until the ages of 2 and 5. Methods: We measured total IgA, IgA antibodies to cow’s milk (CM), casein, β-lactoglobulin and ovalbumin (OVA), TGF-β₂ and IL-10 in 364 colostrum samples and 321 BM samples taken at 3 months from mothers participating in a prospective study evaluating the allergy-preventive effect of probiotics in a cohort with an increased risk for allergy. Results: CM, casein and OVA antibodies, TGF-β₂ and IL-10 were detectable in most samples. Maternal allergy was associated with raised levels of IgA to casein (p = 0.04) and lower levels of TGF-β₂ (p = 0.006) in mature BM. Probiotic supplementation was associated with increased IL-10 (p = 0.046) and decreased casein IgA antibodies (p = 0.027) in mature BM. High OVA IgA antibodies in colostrum were associated with the development of atopy by the age of 2, while low levels in mature BM were a significant risk factor for the development of eczema by the age of 2. TGF-β₂ levels in BM constituted a risk for development of allergy by the age of 2. Conclusions: The immunologic composition of BM was only slightly affected by maternal atopy and could be altered by probiotic supplementation. Small effects of BM components on allergy development in children were evident.

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“…185,227,228 Immunoglobulins are transported over the placenta, beginning as early as gestational week 13, even if the greatest amounts are transferred during the third trimester. 16,228 We speculate that low grade antenatal exposure to bacteria, possibly balanced by a short course of antibiotics, may speed up this process.…”

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Necrotising Enterocolitis - epidemiology and imaging

Ahle¹

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Breast Milk Cytokine and IgA Composition Differ in Estonian and Swedish Mothers—Relationship to Microbial Pressure and Infant Allergy

Cited by 64 publications

References 41 publications

Subclinical mastitis occurs frequently in association with dramatic changes in inflammatory/anti-inflammatory breast milk components

Subclinical mastitis occurs frequently in association with dramatic changes in inflammatory/anti-inflammatory breast milk components

Impact of Maternal Allergy and Use of Probiotics during Pregnancy on Breast Milk Cytokines and Food Antibodies and Development of Allergy in Children until 5 Years

Necrotising Enterocolitis - epidemiology and imaging

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