2005
DOI: 10.1677/erc.1.01000
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Breast-tissue sampling for risk assessment and prevention

Abstract: Breast tissue and duct fluid provide a rich source of biomarkers to both aid in the assessment of shortterm risk of developing breast cancer and predict and assess responses to prevention interventions. There are three methods currently being utilized to sample breast tissue in asymptomatic women for risk assessment: nipple-aspirate fluid (NAF), random periareolar fine-needle aspiration (RPFNA) and ductal lavage. Prospective single-institution trials have shown that the presence of atypical cells in NAF fluid … Show more

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Cited by 96 publications
(78 citation statements)
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References 153 publications
(134 reference statements)
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“…Sources for breast cancer biomarkers include body fluids, such as sera, urine, saliva, ductal lavage (DL), nipple aspirate, and fine needle and core needle biopsy (CNB; Table 1; refs. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. FNA typically involves 8 to 10 aspirations per breast using a 20-to 21-gauge needle.…”
Section: Specimen For Breast Cancer Biomarkersmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Sources for breast cancer biomarkers include body fluids, such as sera, urine, saliva, ductal lavage (DL), nipple aspirate, and fine needle and core needle biopsy (CNB; Table 1; refs. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. FNA typically involves 8 to 10 aspirations per breast using a 20-to 21-gauge needle.…”
Section: Specimen For Breast Cancer Biomarkersmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The potential promise of DL is to add precision to risk estimation in asymptomatic high-risk women, to allow serial observation of breast epithelial response to preventive agents, and to possibly detect mammographically occult breast cancer. Breast tissue samples have been successfully used for preventive clinical trials (22).…”
Section: Specimen For Breast Cancer Biomarkersmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Both NAF biochemical analysis and morphological evaluation of epithelial cells in NAF specimens attempt to improve the identification of high-proliferative epithelium with atypia, recognizing the high metabolic activity through proteomic, degradomic, and genomic approaches [25][26][27], and an accurate cytological grading system [28]. NAF collection may represent a promising noninvasive method for BC risk assessment, especially in asymptomatic women without suspicious lesions on physical exam or mammography [4], and may help to distinguish the most frequent benign lesions of the breast (e.g., inflammatory lesions, fibrocystic changes, stromal lesions, with and/or without atypia and/or hyperplasia) from BC (both in situ and invasive carcinoma), in order to also assess the most appropriate treatment management [29].Finally, the high-quality overview of the clinicopathological features of benign breast lesions by Guray and Sahin [1] should not prescind careful consideration of the possibility of stratifying the risks of BBD in relation to developing subsequent BC through NAF collection and analysis, which provide direct evidence of the early changes in carcinogenesis (at a translational rather than a transcriptional level) [30], useful in identifying women with nonproliferative or proliferative changes at high risk of developing more-advanced precancerous lesions and eventually cancer [24]. The promise of intraductal research is based on the understanding of how the breast works, helping us to determine how to predict and to reverse early cancerous changes.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In this respect, Guray and Sahin [1] did not report (probably for reasons of brevity) the usefulness of nipple aspirate fluid (NAF) collection, which provides a rich source of biomarkers (Mannello et al, submitted) to both aid in the assessment of the short-term risk for developing BC and predict/assess responses to prevention interventions [24]. Both NAF biochemical analysis and morphological evaluation of epithelial cells in NAF specimens attempt to improve the identification of high-proliferative epithelium with atypia, recognizing the high metabolic activity through proteomic, degradomic, and genomic approaches [25][26][27], and an accurate cytological grading system [28].…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
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