“…Unsupervised learning algorithms can learn from unlabeled data sets and visually represent them. Unsupervised learning is primarily employed in two domains: first, it enables the extraction of representative features from high-dimensional data to reduce data sparsity and complexity through dimensionality reduction techniques, such as principal component analysis (PCA) ,,,,, and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE); ,− second, it facilitates grouping of data points on the basis of pairwise similarity metrics using clustering methods, like K-Means clustering ,− and hierarchical clustering, − thereby revealing inherent relationships among the data.…”