Breast Volumes in Cancer of the Breast

Katariya, RN; Forrest, A.R.W.; Gravelle, I. H.

doi:10.1038/bjc.1974.66

Cited by 84 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Thurfjell et al 20 assigned subjective size categories according to the area covered by the breast on mammographic film, and Senie et al 7 determined total breast area by use of a planimeter applied to caudal projections of mammograms, but no association was found in these studies using mammogram-based measurements of breast size. However, Scutt et al 21 and Kato et al, 22 using the same methods as Katariya et al, 19 demonstrated positive associations between breast size and breast cancer risk. By using patient and physician reported subjective breast size classifications, no association was seen in Caucasian American women, 23 but a positive association was seen in a population of Japanese women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Katariya et al 19 geometrically calculated the volume of the breast based on mammographic measurements. Thurfjell et al 20 assigned subjective size categories according to the area covered by the breast on mammographic film, and Senie et al 7 determined total breast area by use of a planimeter applied to caudal projections of mammograms, but no association was found in these studies using mammogram-based measurements of breast size.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A prospective study of breast size and premenopausal breast cancer incidence

Kusano

Trichopoulos

Terry

et al. 2005

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Studies of the association between breast size, as a proxy for mammary gland mass, and breast cancer risk have given equivocal results. Most have been case-control studies with limited statistical power. We conducted a prospective analysis of the relation between breast size as measured by self-reported bra cup size and breast cancer risk among premenopausal women enrolled in the Nurses' Health Study II. Bra cup size at age 20 was assessed among 89,268 premenopausal women aged 29-47 in 1993. Subsequent incident cases of invasive breast cancer were assessed until 2001. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with a Cox proportional hazards model adjusting for potential confounders and risk factors for breast cancer. During 622,732 person-years of follow-up, 803 premenopausal women were newly diagnosed with invasive breast cancer. For women with a BMI below 25 kg/m 2 , those with a bra cup size of ''D or larger'' had a significantly higher incidence of breast cancer than women who reported ''A or smaller'' (covariate adjusted HR 5 1.80; 95% CI 1.13-2.88; p trend 5 0.01). There was no significant association among women with a BMI of 25 kg/m 2 or higher. Stratifying by BMI at age 18 at a cutoff point of 21 kg/m 2 gave similar results. Larger bra cup size at a young age is associated with a higher incidence of premenopausal breast cancer, though this association is limited to leaner women. ' 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Both cell number and rate of cell division have been proposed to predict overall cancer risk. [1][2][3] Following this theory, breast cancer risk might be positively correlated with the total number of mammary gland cells and more generally, mammary gland mass. [4][5][6] Because a large number of susceptible cells should correspond to increased risk, breast size, as a proxy for mammary gland mass, could serve as a plausible risk factor for breast cancer. Several indirect lines of evidence support the theory that breast size may influence breast cancer risk: (i) Breast cancer occurs more frequently in the left breast, 7 and the left breast is typically slightly larger than the right breast, 8 and (ii) breast cancer is overwhelmingly more common in women than in men.In 1969, Wynder noted that studies of breast cancer in Japanese women indicated that subjects with breast cancer had larger breasts than controls. 9 Several studies have indicated that women who undergo breast augmentation surgery have a decreased risk of breast cancer, 10,11 presumably because these women compose a group of smaller-breasted, lower-risk individuals. Women who undergo surgical reduction mammoplasty, which reduces breast size, also experience lower than expected rates of breast cancer. 12 Ecological evidence supports the association between breast size and breast cancer risk. On average, breast size is smaller in women in Asian countries compared to those in western countries, and correspondingly, breast cancer is much less common in Asia. 13 With respect to male breast cancer, patients suffering from ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A prospective study of breast size and premenopausal breast cancer incidence

Kusano

Trichopoulos

Terry

et al. 2005

Intl Journal of Cancer

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Breast size as reflecting the amount of glandular target tissue may in itself be an important risk factor for breast cancer [9] though most of what determines total breast size seems to relate to the amount of fat in the breast [10]. This might explain why no differences in total breast volume between women with and without breast cancer could be found [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increase in breast size after menopause: prevalence and determinants

2004

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Objectives: To determine the prevalence and determinants of increases in breast size after menopause. Methods: Subjects were 1130 postmenopausal women, aged 54-71, participating in a population based breast cancer screening project, the DOM-project in Utrecht, The Netherlands. Questionnaire data on changes in breast size, parity, age at first childbirth, breast feeding, age at menarche, age at menopause, HRT use and usual weight between age 30 years and age at questionnaire were used. Weight and height were measured at three screening rounds and waist and hip circumference was measured once. Results: 18.6% of the women reported that they had to buy a larger bra because of changes in breast size, whereas 1.7% reported that they had to buy a smaller bra. Weight gain, waist circumference, hip circumference, Quetelet's index at third screening, Quetelet's index at first screening, waist-to-hip ratio and years since menopause were significantly associated with increased breast size (odds ratios between 2.5 and 1.4) (all tests for trend P < 0.05), whereas age at menopause, HRT use, parity and age at menarche were modestly, though not significantly associated with increased breast size. Age, usual Quetelet's index, age at first childbirth and number of months of full breast feeding were not associated with increased breast size. Conclusion: About one in five women experienced an increase in breast size after menopause. The most important factor associated with such an increase was found to be weight gain.

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“…Katariya et al considered breast as a cone and used the formula of calculation of the volume of a cone as shown in figure by following formula [10] :…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%